Who Started The Pages’ Conspiracy?

New York City Mayor Eric Adams has been indicted on five federal charges related to bribery, wire fraud, conspiracy, and soliciting campaign contributions from foreign sources. The charges were detailed in a 57-page indictment that describes a conspiracy with foreigners and hiding the alleged crimes by misrepresenting the costs as. The “Pages’ Conspiracy” (hereafter “Hermolaus’ conspiracy; see below fo”) is a historical account of Alexander the Great’s belief in a conspiracy that did not exist, on the part of supporters of Cleitus.

The conspiracy theory, which emerged during the residence of the king at Bactra in 327 BC, was believed by Alexander the Great and his fellow pages. The Gunpowder Plot was the conspiracy of a group of English Roman Catholics to blow up Parliament and King James I, his queen, and his eldest son on November 5, 1540. The story of how the myth exploded reveals how fake stories spread today and the secrets behind the psychology of their fiercest proponents.

The author set herself an objective of finding out the reasons that led the royal youths to a conspiracy, tracing the course of events and determining the consequences of the conspiracy. The story of how the myth exploded reveals how fake stories spread today and the secrets behind the psychology of their fiercest proponents.

In conclusion, the link between societal crisis situations and belief in conspiracy theories is a complex issue that requires further investigation and examination.

What is a conspiracy of paper about?

A Conspiracy of Paper is a 2000 historical thriller by American novelist David Liss, set in eighteenth-century London. The novel follows Jewish thief-taker Benjamin Weaver as he investigates the South Sea Company’s fraud, which led to the world’s first stock-market crash, the “South Sea Bubble” of 1720. The story explores the “conspiracy of paper” and the Jewish community in 1700s London. Weaver, a prizefighter, retires early due to a broken leg and works in London’s private law-enforcement industry.

He has a talent for the lucrative trade of thief-taking, combining bounty hunting and private eye skills to track down thieves who have robbed the wrong pocket. A Conspiracy of Paper won the 2001 Macavity Award for Best Mystery Debut and the 2001 Edgar Award for Best Debut Novel.

Is Cicero part of the conspiracy?

Cicero, a prominent figure in the Roman Republic, outlined his strategy under Caesar’s dictatorship in a letter to Varro in around 46 BC. However, he was taken by surprise when Caesar was assassinated by the Liberatores on the ides of March 44 BC. Despite being excluded from the conspiracy, Cicero was called out by Marcus Junius Brutus to restore the republic. In February 43 BC, he wrote to Trebonius, one of the conspirators, expressing his wish to have been invited to the banquet.

Cicero became a popular leader during the instability following the assassination and had no respect for Mark Antony, who sought revenge on Caesar’s murderers. In exchange for amnesty for the assassins, he arranged for the Senate not to declare Caesar a tyrant, allowing Caesarians to maintain his reforms and policies. In April 43 BC, “diehard republicans” revived the ancient position of princeps senatus for Cicero.

Antony, the consul and leader of the Caesarian faction, was unofficial executor of Caesar’s public will. Relations between the two worsened after Cicero claimed Antony was taking liberties in interpreting Caesar’s wishes. After Caesar’s return to Italy, Cicero began to play him against Antony, praising Octavian and attacking him in speeches called the Philippics. Cicero’s popularity as a public figure was unrivaled at the time.

What did Page Boys do?

A page or page boy is a young male attendant or servant, often used as a symbolic attendant to carry rings during wedding ceremonies. The term’s origin is uncertain, but it may come from the Latin word pagius (servant), possibly linked to peasant, or an earlier Greek word παῖς (pais = child). In medieval times, a page was an attendant to a nobleman, knight, governor, or castellan. Until about seven years old, sons of noble families received training in manners and basic literacy from their mothers or other female relatives.

After seven, a boy would be sent to the estate of another noble family, matching the age at which apprenticeships or servants’ employment would be entered into by young males from lower social classes.

What is the point of a page boy?

The term “page boy” has evolved to refer to a young boy who plays a small role at a wedding, such as holding the bride’s train, throwing flowers, or posing cutely. Typically aged between 3 and 10, page boys are more honorary than ring bearers, as there is less need for someone to assist with the bride’s dress. They carry the ring pillow down the aisle, allowing the couple to exchange rings during the ceremony. Boys younger than 10 may be given responsibilities closer to that of an usher. The role of a page boy has evolved to be more honorary in modern weddings.

Did Sallust like Catiline?

Sallust’s first published work, Bellum Jugurthinum, details the attempt by Lucius Sergius Catilina to overthrow the Roman Republic in 63 BC. Sallust portrays Catiline as a foe of law, order, and morality, but does not provide a comprehensive explanation of his views and intentions. Theodor Mommsen suggests that Sallust wished to clear his patron, Caesar, of all complicity in the conspiracy. Sallust’s tone, style, and descriptions of aristocratic behavior illustrate the political and moral decline of Rome, beginning after the fall of Carthage, quickening after Sulla’s dictatorship, and spreading from the dissolute nobility to infect all Roman politics.

He inveighs against Catiline’s depraved character and vicious actions, but also shows him as deeply courageous in his final battle. Sallust’s narrative condemns the conspirators, likely relying on Cicero’s De consulatu suo for details of the conspiracy. He focuses on Caesar and Cato the Younger as “two examples of virtus” with long speeches describing a debate on the punishment of the conspirators.

Sallust’s Jugurthine War, written around 41-40 BC, emphasizes moral decline and relies on a general annalistic history of the time and the autobiographies of Marcus Aemilius Scaurus, Publius Rutilius Rufus, and Sulla.

What was the page’s conspiracy?

The conspiracy, which was a plot to murder Alexander during his campaign in Bactria, was a consequence of Alexander punishing a royal page for killing a boar that he desired for himself during a hunting expedition.

Did all pages become squires?

It was customary for members of noble families to undertake an apprenticeship. They served until the age of 14, at which point they became squires, thereby continuing their journey towards knighthood. A squire could become a knight at the age of 21.

What is the meaning of conspiracy case?

In criminal law, a conspiracy is an agreement between two or more people to commit a crime in the future. In some countries, the plan itself is the crime, and there is no limit to the number participating in the conspiracy. The actus reus is a continuing one, and parties may join the plot later and incur joint liability. Conspiracy can be charged where the co-conspirators have been acquitted or cannot be traced. Repentance by one or more parties does not affect liability but may reduce their sentence.

An unindicted co-conspirator is a person or entity alleged in an indictment to have engaged in conspiracy but not charged in the same indictment. Prosecutors name persons as unindicted co-conspirators for various reasons, including grants of immunity, pragmatic considerations, and evidentiary concerns.

At common law, the crime of conspiracy was capable of infinite growth, allowing courts to create new offenses if the level of threat to society was sufficiently great. The Criminal Law Act 1977 produced a statutory offence and abolished all common law varieties of conspiracy, except two: conspiracy to defraud and conspiracy to corrupt public morals or outrage public decency.

Why did Cicero not like Catiline?

Catiline, a prominent figure in the Roman Empire, faced a dark past during the election for the consulship in 64 BCE. He used his own money and borrowed from others to win the election, but ultimately lost to Cicero and Gaius Antonius Hybrida, who were considered corrupt and expelled by the Senate. Cicero had used his superior oratory skills to question Catiline’s character, costing the election.

Catiline was well-suited for the consulship due to his military experience, including serving with Pompey’s father and being a praetor and governor. He also had the support of Julius Caesar. However, he had been acquitted of extortion charges while governor in Africa and suffered from serious rumors about the mysterious death of his wife and son. After winning the election, Cicero promised Antonius that he could have the lucrative position of Governor of Macedonia after his term ended, but his time in Macedonia was short as he would be forced out and eventually sent into exile.

Shortly after the election and Catiline’s defeat, Cicero heard rumblings of a conspiracy to assassinate several government officials and burn the city. The information came from Fulvia, the mistress of Quintus Curius, a friend of Catiline. Curius was deeply in debt, causing Fulvia to seek greener pastures. To prevent her from leaving, Curius claimed his money problems would soon be over and leaked information of the plot. Fulvia then informed Cicero’s wife, Terentia, who then told him.

Despite the Senate’s criticism of his lack of proof and exaggeration, Cicero believed the conspiracy and hired a bodyguard. On November 7, 63 BCE, an attempt on his life occurred, but Fulvia had warned him of the possibility of an attack.

Why is catiline famous in Roman history?

Lucius Sergius Catilina, also known as Catiline, was a Roman politician and soldier who was best known for instigating the Catilinarian conspiracy in 63 BC. Born to an ancient patrician family, he joined Sulla during his civil war and became a wealthy man. He served as praetor and governor of Africa in the early 60s BC. After returning to Rome, he attempted to stand for the consulship but was rebuffed. He faced legal challenges over alleged corruption in Africa and his actions during Sulla’s proscriptions. Acquitted on all charges, he twice stood for the consulship in 64 and 63 BC.

Defeated in the consular comitia, he concocted a violent plot to take the consulship by force, involving poor rural plebs, Sullan veterans, and other senators whose political careers had stalled. Crassus revealed the coup attempt to Cicero in October 63 BC, but it took until November before evidence of Catiline’s participation emerged. He left the city to join his rebellion. In early January 62 BC, he fought a battle against republican forces, but was killed and his army was annihilated.

Who exposed Catiline?

The conspiracy was formed after Catiline’s defeat in the consular elections for 62 BC. He assembled a coalition of malcontents, including aristocrats, dispossessed farmers, and indebted veterans of Sulla, to seize the consulship from Cicero and Antonius by force. In November 63, Cicero exposed the conspiracy, causing Catiline to flee Rome and eventually to his army in Etruria. In December, Cicero uncovered nine more conspirators organising for Catiline and executed them without trial.

In January 62 BC, Antonius defeated Catiline in battle, ending the plot. Modern views on the conspiracy vary, with most classicists agreeing that the conspiracy occurred as broadly described, but acknowledging that its actual threat to the republic was exaggerated for Cicero’s benefit and to heighten later dramatic narratives. Catiline’s conspiracy was a major armed insurrection against Rome, similar to Sulla’s civil war and Caesar’s civil war. The main sources on the conspiracy are Sallust’s monograph Bellum Catilinae and Cicero’s Catilinarian orations.