📹 The Celts: The Mysterious Dark Age Masters Of Europe | Lost Treasures | Chronicle
The Celts were an ancient civilization that first mastered iron and dominated Northwest Europe. The Celts lacked a sense of …
What does Celtic 67 mean?
On May 25, 1967, Celtic Football Club defeated Internazionale in Lisbon 2-1, becoming the first club from Britain and northern Europe to win the European Cup. This victory, which occurred in Lisbon, was a significant socio-cultural moment for the club. Despite being widely documented, the magnitude and iconographic significance of the win have been overlooked. 15, 000 supporters, mainly from Scotland, attended the final, and many attended the celebration of Catholic Mass.
This event is often overlooked in comparison to other British sides like Manchester United, Aston Villa, and Nottingham Forest. Despite the numerous histories about the club’s win, the iconic status of the victory is rarely explored and articulated. The deep and profound impact of this victory is conspicuous by their absence. The club’s win is considered a significant achievement in the history of European football.
What is the number 9 in Celtic mythology?
In Irish and Norse legends, the number nine is associated with Odin’s nine days on the tree and the nine wave-daughters of the sea, which may be implicated in the mythical drowning deaths of seafaring men. These legends exerted a profound influence on the Aran Islanders, serving as a foundational element in the formation of their cultural identity. In the play Riders to the Sea, the protagonist, Maurya, experiences a period of nine days of mourning following the disappearance of her son.
What is the Celtic unity symbol?
The trinity knot, or Irish knot, is a Celtic sign that has been used for centuries to symbolize eternity and interconnectedness. It is a series of three-pointed loops drawn seamlessly in a triangular shape, with the points corresponding to the corners of the triangle.
It is one of the oldest forms of Celtic knotwork, first appearing on carved stone monuments, woodwork, jewelry and other decorative arts. The Celts believed it was a representation of the three phases of life – youth, adulthood and old age – and many others have interpreted it as the maiden, mother and crone.
More recently, it has been used by Christians to represent the Holy Trinity of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. No matter the belief system, the trinity knot is a timeless symbol of connection and continuity between past, present and future generations. Its never-ending loops represent the unbroken line that links one generation to the next.
Is Celtic Irish or Scottish?
Celtic refers to a language family that means “of the Celts” or “in the style of the Celts”. Several archaeological cultures are considered Celtic, based on unique sets of artefacts and inscriptions. The modern idea of a Celtic cultural identity focuses on similarities among languages, works of art, classical texts, material artefacts, social organization, homeland, and mythology. Earlier theories suggested a common “racial” origin for the various Celtic peoples, but more recent theories suggest a common cultural and linguistic heritage.
Today, the term “Celtic” generally refers to the languages and cultures of Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Cornwall, the Isle of Man, and Brittany, also known as the Celtic nations. These regions have Celtic languages still spoken to some extent, including Irish, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh, Breton, Cornish (a Brittonic language), and Manx (a Goidelic language). There are also attempts to reconstruct Cumbric, a Brittonic language of northern Britain.
Celtic regions of mainland Europe include western Iberia, Portugal, and north-central Spain. Continental Celts are the Celtic-speaking people of mainland Europe, while Insular Celts are the Celtic-speaking people of the British and Irish islands and their descendants. The Celts of Brittany derive their language from migrating Insular Celts from Britain.
The Celtic languages are a branch of the Indo-European languages, and by the time Celts were first mentioned in written records around 400 BC, they were already split into several language groups and spread over western mainland Europe, the Iberian Peninsula, Ireland, and Britain.
What is the Celtic code in renowned explorers?
Celtic Code is a Starter Expedition that places a particular emphasis on research. It provides players with the opportunity to locate their Druidic Stone Circle. The game provides tutorials and encounters, with approximately fifteen event nodes distributed across the island. It is possible for players to bypass these encounters. It is postulated that a sect of Celtic druids established themselves in this location, and the player is tasked with locating their Druidic Stone Circle.
What is the best Celtic symbol?
Irish Celtic symbols, such as the Claddagh ring, Celtic knot, Triquetra, Celtic cross, Triskelion, Spiral, Celtic Tree of Life, and Celtic Motherhood Knot, represent various aspects of Irish and Scottish culture, such as love, loyalty, friendship, family, and connection to nature and spirituality. The Celtic Tree of Life is a revered symbol in Celtic art and culture, representing the connection between the physical and spiritual realms through its intricate design of an oak tree’s roots and branches reaching towards the heavens.
Is 9 the number of God?
The number nine is used in scripture to establish the man or woman who is complete in the grace of God in the fullness of the power of God. This man has been perfected and prepared to be a vessel of honor before being divinely completed by God.
We see an example of this power this fulfilled in the life of Abraham. God brought him to the point of earthly perfection before asking him to sacrifice his own son. After he reached maturity God changed his name from Abram to Abraham which was his new beginning (number 8). He then endued Abraham with the power to negotiate with him in his decision to destroy Sodom. He actually visited Abraham beforehand to inform him of the intended action. No other man on earth had the spiritual authority to get God to actually bargain with him. This power gave Abraham the ability to intercede on behalf of man according to the right standing given to him in the sight of God.
Who is the number 7 in Celtic mythology?
Hero Cúchulainn In Irish mythology, the epic hero Cúchulainn is associated with the number 7. He has 7 fingers on each hand, 7 toes on each foot, and 7 pupils in each eye.
The Heptad, say the followers of “Pythagoras,” was so called from the Greek verb “sebo,” to venerate (and from the Hebrew ShBO, seven, or satisfied, abundance), being Septos, “Holy,” “divine,” and “motherless,” and a “Virgin.”
From Nicomachus we learn that it was called “Minerva,” being unmarried and virginal, begotten neither by a mother, i. e., even number, nor from a father, i. e., odd number: but proceeding from the summit of the Father of all things, the Monad; even as Minerva sprang all armed from the Forehead of Jove or Zeus.
Hence also Obrimopatrë, or daughter of a mighty father, and Glaucopis, shining-eyed, and αμητωρ and αγελεια, Ametor and Ageleia, she that carries off the spoil.
Is the number 9 good or bad?
Number 9 is a powerful number associated with Mars, but those born on the dates 9, 18, or 27 may have aggression issues, stubbornness, and a tendency to speak harsh truths. They may also be attracted to opposite sex and engage in relationships, which can create a negative image. Those born on this date can pursue careers in defense, sports, or property, potentially earning a lot of money from real estate.
The lucky color associated with Number 9 is red and pink, which can be used in various ways, including clothes, bedsheets, wall paint, pillow covers, nail paint, hairbands, and curtains. Number 9 represents Mars, a planet that is powerful, courageous, and fortunate, as it possesses all the qualities of Mars.
Who is number 7 for Celtic?
Celtic FC has acquired the services of Daizen Maeda, Luis Palma, Nicolas Kühn, and Hyun-jun Yang, thereby augmenting the squad.
📹 The Empire of Salt – Origins of the Celts
The origins of the Celts has been debated for many years. The consensus typically places those origins with the Urnfield and …
Very interesting. What the programme, and many like them, often miss is the legacy of the Celts in Brittany, north-west Spain and northern Portugal where there is a very rich Celtic ancestry and culture. Who knew that? I would haved enjoyed this more seeing something of the Celtic history in these regions of Celtic influence, rather than this being so UK-centric.
I’m half welsh and live on the English/Wales boarder as my historic families have done for hundreds of years. So the more I learn about this whole period of history stretching from pre Romana right up into the early modern, the more fascinated I am by the degrees of movement of people and things. Thank you for this article. Very interesting.
Wikitongues is a very interesting youtube website where you will get to hear many northwest European languages being spoken, such as Cornish, Manx, Shetlandic, Gaelic, Icelandic – and all the rest. There’s also that guy Simon Roper who speaks Old English but he’s often talking to people who speak other tongues and dialects … like a guy in France speaking Gaulic for instance which was particularly interesting for me. I didn’t know Gaulic was a thing.
The main thing has not been said here: with the exception of the tribes that controlled the passes in the Alps who considered the consumption of wine a factor of social destabilization and military laxity, the Celtic peoples defeated and conquered by Julius Caesar in Gaul had already become addicted to the Roman wine. It is known that Rome always introduced wine at a low cost in regions that it intended to conquer militarily after some time. The Celts fell victim to their weakness, lack of cohesion, and predilection for consuming large quantities of Roman wine.
amazing thank you so much, i’ve read that celt priests had an important role in the advance of christianity through europe at some point, and I think it makes sense giving the fact that the holy trinity as a symbol adapts very well to the way that celts had a view of live that involved three perspectives of things.
Celts were NOT the first masters of Ireland – we actually were only inhabited by the La tene celts (the beaker people). We had people living here thousands of years before the Celts…so much so that our stone work is far more advanced than other areas of Europe; because celtic people from Central Europe got here so late. The Irish language is also not called Irish Gaelic it’s called Gaeilge, “Gaelic” is a sport in Ireland and is only used as a word predominantly by English speakers & British people as a way to describe the Irish language due to ignorant post colonialism
My family is a mix of Scots and German (Celtic and Teutonic). I have been fascinated by Celtic culture since an aunt was able to trace the Scots side to the mid 900’s, primarily by inheritance records, both oral and written. Rome so thoroughly distorted our view of them its hard to winnow out the truth. You did a stellar job with this article. Thank you.
The social justice of the Celtic tribes is something I wish they touched on. Care of the elderly & more vulnerable in the tribe etc & general social society . Wish Celtic culture was taught more in mainstream education. One of the great European cultures. Rome saw them as a great threat & for many generations the Celtic tribes had the upper hand against Rome & the culture was spread widely over parts of Europe
There is so much wrong in this documentary. “The dragon motif was borrowed from the Vikings”?!?! Vikings are from AD750 at the earliest. The Celts date back to 1,400 years prior to the existence to the Vikings. Also “the Celts came from the Indian subcontinent”?!?!? Just no, no all around on that. That’s a fringe Aryan invasion of Europe theory that was discarded by the late 1960’s and has been thoroughly disproved through linguistic, genetic, and archaeological evidence.
If the people of northern Europe were, on average, smaller than the Celts, that could be where some legends about fae folk came from. If the areas which became Wales and parts of Ireland saw more cultural and biological mixing, then maybe Welsh and black (haired) Irish people are the closest thing we have to half-elves.
Thank you for this fascinating information. I came from Irish, English and Scottish ancestry so this helpful. I used to have book about Celts when I was a kid and always liked looking at the art works . I also Ironic how they talk about fat men being fined as it show male large reenactors who are quite large in the belly .
Some ancient Celtic buildings were beautiful carved wood structures, painted in rich colors but wood doesn’t preserve well unless it falls into a bog and most of those were completely drained centuries ago. I think Celts often get the noble savage trope placed onto their ancestors. Compared to the vikings and the Romans most ethnic groups look to be extremely peaceful, love simplicity and lived ecofriendly lives. When you compare every leather hand bag you find a diamond encrusted Himalayan Birkin you seem them all as ecofriendly and simplistic. I just wanted to point this out. 🙂
Thankyou for making this article, we now prefer to be called KELTIK, we will have our place in the modern world, i have taught my kids their heritage and place in the world. We are modern Kelts, and we do not forgive those who commited genocide against our ancestors and those who enslaved us, and will never forgive Alesia….
The Celts took artistic motifs from the Vikings??? Yet the Vikings didn’t arrive in Britain until after the Anglo Saxons had already displaced most of the Celts. There is also a lot of emphasis on war. This is not a particularly accurate portrail. Boudicca was not a hereditary queen, nor did she attack the Romans out of a sense of Celticness. She was the wife of the King of the Icon who in turn became Roman vassals/allies. But a Roman governor feared the Iceni and attacked, killing her husband and raping Boudicca and her daughters. That’s when she became a fully ruling queen and attacked the Romans to exact revenge. This is like a bad Classics comic book. Very disappointing.
The Janissaries, considered to be the strongest military units of the Ottoman Empire, were established in Anatolia in 1362, and the Janissary army was formed by selecting the physically strong children of the Celtic and Roman people. The Janissaries, who caused the biggest rebellion in Ottoman history, revolted in Anatolia in 1826. The Ottoman sultan had difficulty suppressing the rebellion. After this process, the Ottoman Empire entered a period of collapse.
The Celts were a culture of separate tribes or clans that inhabited most of Northern Europe. There were “Germanic” Celts and “Norman” Celts and Celts from N Spain. Making them out to be British was a missed opportunity to highlight how vast their culture really was. They were crushed by Julias Caesar and he documented it all. The leftovers got pushed up into the British Isles, possibly displacing other peoples or mixing with them. They men bleached their hair with lime water and shaved their beards except for above the lip, this is pretty well documented.
Nice documentary, well put together, but I’m not sure when it was made? Celts were and are a Indo-European / Neolithic Farmer people with hunter gather admixture. Neolithic Farmers originated in Anatolia and took two routes into Europe, one around the Mediterranean and into Iberia, and the other through the Balkans before meeting again Central Europe. The Indo-Europeans originated north of the Black Sea. The Indo-European dna found in Persia and India is do to a back migration of The Corded Ware people from North, East and Central Europe. There are also earlier migration from the Yamnaya culture (A major fountain head of IE culture and dna) that travelled east. Thanks for the article:)
Very interesting as a Slavic person looking As Ireland through History had ALLWAYS a hard life like RUSSIANS but we ALLWAYS manage to defend what we believe in do what we have to do as hard as it is And Still Manage to sing and dance and drink AND LAUGH AT OURSELVES THERE IS THIS BRAVADO AND KEEP ON KEEPING ON AND NEVER GIVE UP
Some Celtic tribes were notably exogamous, while others were more inclined towards endogamy, intermarrying with other groups when necessary for trade, diplomacy, to freshen up the gene pool. Scandinavians and Celts historically have a high degree of mingling both ways. Furthermore, their ultimate origins are from an ancient shared heritage, predating the Bronze Age.
This quotes Roman perspective far too heavily – ancient propaganda about personal thinking & motives. The victor or the wealthy guys with scribes writes the story. Archaeological evidence does not back up Roman opinion. Or stereotypes about Celts being brawlers by nature. I’m out at halfway through. Do actual scientific research rather than perpetuating ancient gossip which this is full of. Also they weren’t wearing tartans in Switzerland. And that is an entirely different group of Celts than who eventually did.
god why do they always prtray Celts as unkempt and wearing those stupid spiral tattos on their face ..also they weren’t seni nomadic and they had large towns and left plenty of archeological evidence…did they build huge marble palaces No …but they built great halls ..and large towns …they basically lived exactly like medieval people ..esp those in gaul and eastern europe ..timber framed houses…advanced metal work farming techniques etc .
Let one thing be clear : the ancestors of the proto-Celto-Italic Peoples were Indo-European tribes who probably marched upon Europe from what is now Ukraine and Western Russia. The proto-Italics (from whom the Romans were to arise at a later date) crossed the Alps southward into Italy and mixed with the local populations ; as to their “brothers”, the proto-Celts, they instead spread across Northern Europe and the British Isles. This is how the Celts became the Celts. They were later pretty much integrated into Roman society in Gaul and Northern Italy (where they had finally settled), or pushed westward by another Indo-European group of tribes : the Germanic tribes, of which the Anglo-Saxons were a branch. All this talk about their coming from the “Indian subcontinent” is absolute nonsense, I’m afraid. The confusion may arise from wild legends on the one side, and the fact they spoke an “Indo-European” language on the other side.
It’s not Beltane, “bell-tane.” It’s Beltáine, “bel-tah-nyah,” honoring Bel & Áine. Bel is sometimes called Belenus by Roman sources. Samhain is not “sam-hane,” the mh in Goidelic languages sounds like w. It’s pronounced “sah-wen” & people often write that as “sow-en” but ow in different areas is said various ways even with a word to rhyme it with given. In Scotland the mh can be a v sound & they’ll say “sah-ven” or “sah-veen.” Mi Bealtáine means the month of May in Irish, Gaeilge, & the month is named after the time, not the other way around. Samhain is also about the spiritual events & meaning of the part of the year, & Oct & Nov have their own words. Áine is the summer goddess, of many things including light, abundance, growth/fertility, and Bel is a god of fire & both, of other things, each. People tend to name him & not realize her name is in there, the t connects them, it’s a partnership. Though it is seen as a different pair by certain British neopagans or historians, the concept of the duo has roots there, & the word itself is derived from their names, and that’s the time that light & warmth return & summer can begin to emerge. Samhain means summer’s end. The year began by resting. The land rests before doing the work of growing. So it’s also the new year. As for Samhain’s mh there’s a lot on Irish aka Gaeilge language online with academic sources & dictionaries you can check the pronunciation with. Beltane & Samhain were written, then read, not heard, and the spelling & pronunciation anglicized by people who no longer spoke Celtic languages but Anglo-Saxon, Old English, lower Germanic root languages & Latin & not Irish Gaeilge or Scottish Gaelic & the Brythonic people had & have completely different names for the holidays.
The first two minutes are already full of contradictions… the celts simply could not have been a great civilisation and still lived a simple life, in primitive dwellings, without knowing the writing, so on and so far, everything else any other great cultures managed to do before and after celts time. Later on, near the half of the clip, we hear about the bravery of the celtic armies, willing to fight till the end, but easily scattered due to the lack of coehision… I don’t know, but this feels like a “cool story, bro”… ideas are simply presented in a story, with very little explanation (if any) on how / why did they reached those particular conclusion – it’s all a “trust me, bro” thing.
worth saying that the account of a “celtic” migration from india is false. that is a different branch of the aryan family altogether, out early via central asia. as far removed as extinct tarim tocharian is from any ethnolinguistic group today. goidelic Q celts went from pontic-caspian steppe to anatolia & the levant and out of the eastern med to iberia. this was always the tribal history. see declaration of arbroath 1320. vindicated by genetics. irish are preserved R1B element – classical west asian – because unlike other celtic branches they left by sea, rather than river route.
Some of the ideas in this are quite out of date. Modern archaeology has used dna testing to theorize that the British celts were not decended from the eastern celts as was previously believed but a distinct and unique population who adopted Celtic ideas, customs and art, just as they later adopted Roman then saxon cultures
Visually attractive the history presented here is traditional not accurate. A case in point is that a historian cannot describe the celtic tribes as raiding not bent on conquest. In addition they fail to mention even the largest celtic town, Heuneburg or some of the sophisticated artifacts like the golden Hats. The film is shallow
I am Celtic, and one side of my Celtic family is dark haired, with blonde (I was blonde as a child), the other is dark, blonde and ginger. My genetics are traced back a long time to Celtic origins, yet I’m told I look like a foreigner, frequently. My roots are Isle of Man, Scotland and mostly Wales..I currently live in Finland and here they think I am Finnish. It’s interesting.
I am a Celtic person, and speak the old northern dialect of Gaelic. Our thought processes and world view, and our values are distinct from other European peoples, There are other subtle nuances, too. Ask a person whom you believe to be Celtic to hold their hand vertically, and flex their fingers individually, then in groups of two, three, four. A Celt will be able to bend at least three fingers individually to the palm, plus the thumb. They’ll be able to also flex fingers in any number of up to four at a time in unison. History and our custom of exogamy being as they have been, not all have only Celtic ancestry, nor entirely Celtic influences and customs, but they have the language of their fathers and mothers. It is our way. Thank you for once again telling our story, keeping the spark alive.
During the 3rd millennium BC, a large part of the population of Western Europe was replaced by people with Steppe ancestry, including almost all males in most regions. When these steppe/Indo-Europeans arrived in a new region, the male bloodlines of earlier populations tended to disappear within a few generations, alongside 30-70% of female lines. (This used to be controversial, but has been confirmed by genetics.) While there have been large migrations later, they were all more localized and usually less devestating. In particular, those areas we consider “celtic” today tended to be relatively genetically stable until they got conquered by either Italic or Germanic invaders, and even then, there were more survivors than during the initial Indo-European invasions. This means that by 500BC, the places we count as “Celtic” today would often have had populations that had lived in those areas for around 2000 years, aleady, meaning these populations had had time to diverge quite significantly from each other. I don’t think there’s any reason to think that “celts” were really just one people. Rather, they were all just descendents of the ancient Bell Beaker culture. This would have made Italics, including Romans “celts”, too, except that they’re given special status due to their accomplishments. Genetically (and probably linguistically), Romans were probably much more closely related to “Celts” in Cisalpine Gaul than those in term were to “Celts” in Ireland or Anatolia.
Not mysterious. You still farm what we created. While the Jews Greeks and Romans and Arabs were eating goats sheep and camels, And while the Germanic tribes were eating Elk Deer and Bears. We Celts were tilling the land and farming . . . . . . . Cows Pigs Lamb and Chickens, The worlds current food standards. We didnt go anywhere, we shaped the world and the Romans tried to take credit for it through their Latin teachings. 9/10’s of the modern Western lifestyle is from the Celts. 1/10 is latin and keeps trying to war with the world over ideologies. Romans and Germanic tribes invaded us because of our prosperity. It made them jealous. Other Celt languages were Druidic and Galacian, both lost to equity. The short horn bull also comes from the Celts. Making cheese from cows milk . . . from the Celts
“The Celts were a remarkable people”… Evidently, since people are still making remarks about them, true or not. My mom is Scottish, and my dad is Italian, but I consider myself to be neither “Celtic” nor “Roman”, since my mom doesn’t speak Gaelic, and my dad is not from Rome, and I was born in California.
The commentator says the Celts were unorganized and undisciplined. This may be true, but in my mind, war tactics are “cheating.” They say nothing of how you are as a warrior, just how well your generals deceive the enemy. There is no glory in this, at least not for an individual warrior. I can’t help but think this was an issue of honor rather than inferiority.
If they were illiterate, and non-urban, so they didn’t have a civilization. The Romans were correct in calling them barbarians. That’s why the Romans were able to conquer about 90% of their territory. I’m saying this having likely a majority of Celtic genetics, too. The Celts, or their descendants, played a huge role in the development of the United States. Not just the Irish, but more importantly, the Scots-Irish. A huge part of the divisiveness of current American politics arises from the conflict between the descendents of the Scots-Irish, who still exhibit the traits in this article, and those of Puritan descent (many of whom themselves have very distant Celtic ancestry).
The Naming and The Riddle by Allison Croggin (Kroggin) are 2 Bardic Stories written and published here. They aren’t exactly uptodate; however, these 2 stories are insightful to my particular connection to the last name WHITE, which was to conceal our family name, when one of ours was captured and sent to America for indentured servitude. The irish, during slave times, were not “liked”, thus during feudalism many good irish men, women, and children became “slaves” called (in America) “Green Niggers”. They were not valued as highly as the African slaves because the African slaves were considered property who could be bred to increase wealth. Many of our people were killed by the swamps and change in environment in a new America, where infrastructure had not yet been created. In my fathers’ family, the surviving sons, protected their wives and offspring with the last name WHITE, which can be found in authoring rare books under the subject of Spiritualism.
Celtic culture developed in several stages from the Beaker people, and they were part of its northwestern branch, that encompassed central Europe and included the lowlands and Great Britain – though people of Iberia initially shared the same culture. Ireland was initially part of this world, but became cut off at the end of the bronze age, because the world no longer needed copper or tin. This is why the Celts spoke the younger branch of their language family. The people of central and northwestern Europe HARDLY all had blond hair! Honestly, get a head! If you think that, you could get removed for Nazi views. It was in fact often impossible to know if a group was Celtic, Germanic or both, which most of them actually were, and, the notion NO Celt ever had ANY discipline is American right wing mythology. From what we know, human sacrifice was religious ritual and not a right wing Republican hate fest. I know that the Celts were culturally sophisticated, but you told us nothing about their metalworking art, their music, nor their oral history and story telling. Just that they were individualistic and violent and warlike and culturally wild and wooly, and they sacrificed people.
My mom’s father was from Donegal, my dad’s ancestors from Limerick area. My husband’s ancestry I think was Scottish, but the name started with Mc. The colour of my daughter’s hair was a light strawberry blonde, turning to mid blonde as she grew up. My son’s hair is dark brown but started as a lovely mid brown with blonde highlights. Both have dark brown eyes like mine, which was very striking with my daughter’s very fair hair. I have brown hair with a reddish tint, and brown eyes. I was so happy when my children were born with brown eyes because my husband had cold looking blue grey eyes. He was an abusive tormenting narcissist whom I left shortly after my son’s birth and I didn’t want to be reminded of him every time I looked into my children’s eyes. Anyway, in my children’s colouring I can see such a mix of the various influxes into Ireland from all the various Mediterranean, Nordic, and Celtic groups. My father’s Irish surname is apparently of ancient Phoenician origin, and I found it as the name of an estate in Scotland. People really got around back then didn’t they?! Fascinating.
Celts are originally from today Balkans. World first cultures Lepenski vir, Starcevo, Vinca culture today Serbia. World first industrial revolution ca. 6000 BC. Bronze metallurgy. (BBC History news March 2010) Gordon Childe-The Danube in Prehistory, Jacque Pirenne-Agriculture at Danube Farming start about 6000 BC. Vinca First Calendar start to count years at 5508 BC. Farming wouldn’t be possible without knowledge of calendar. Both development started and developed together. Harald Harman about first cyrillic writings in Vinca culture in 5500 BC so 2000 years before any writings anywhere else on the world. Vinca Iron production 1400 BC. In today English language there is more than 2000 same or similar Serbian words. Names of the Balkan tribes: Pelasgians, Mycenaeans, Etruscan, Wendi, Illiyrians, Dardanians (Troy is here,not in Turkey Homer wrote sea is freezing in the winter-Panonian sea), Moesians, Dacians, Tracians, Rasci, Celts, Scythians, Sarmatians, Arians, Sea People, Peleset, Philistines, Hittites, Bhrygians, Etruscan. Tribes spread in all directions ……. Wild Greeks arived ~ 1000 BC from Egipt, Hungarian from Asia and Bulgariens from Asia they found culture on the Balkans, writings and language and they mixed with domestic people.
Dark Age masters of Europe? The Dark Ages were from 476 AD to about 1000. Most Celtic peoples had already been Romanized during that time, and the migration period that characterized the first part of the Dark Ages was the period when the remaining Celtic peoples of the British Isles were pushed back to their present boundaries by the rapidly expanding Germanic peoples and to a lesser degree, Slavs. The Celts were the masters of Ancient Europe, or at least, Europe north of the Mediterranean.
0:26 and again at 0:30 you lost me at “kelts”. A kelt is a diseased salmon. A kelt is an ocean fish after spawning. A kelt is a fish. C-E-L-T comes into English from the French. Not from the greek. Not from the Roman. The French. C-E-L-T is SELT. The people, the culture, the warrior race, Selt, Selts, Seltic. The Boston ball club, the Boston Seltics, they got it right.
Perhaps “Celtic” was lrss ethnic & more of a cultural/technological/linguistic migration. Ethnicity may well have been less importan than Cultural/Religious/Technology. Eespecially differences in clothing, weapons, appearance, position if women. Far more important I think in the minds of the ancients
My father’s family come the boarders and my mother’s family come the highlands.. with lrish and Norse Ancestry as well …. horsburgh dates back to the 11th century and the MacDonald’s are on mothers side.. so I consider myself a celt .. and yes l have red hair lol ( Norse Ancestry) most celts had black hair and blue eyes.
La mia famiglia è di origine celtica, vengo da Milano, una delle città fondate anticamente dai celti e che ha mantenuto per secoli le sue antiche tradizioni. Il nostro dialetto è pieno di parole di origine celtica. Il mio stesso cognome: Segabrugo, è un protocognome celtico che vanta migliaia di anni. Il nostro aspetto è lo stesso del galata morente o suicida. Senza peli, orecchie grandi, viso elfico. Quando venni in Irlanda in vacanza, mi prendevano come uno di loro
Ive travelled all last year tracing my ancestry and led to many sacred sites.. with more to come, what i do know is mandalas/dragons are in all cultures art work.. every culture art and design was inspired by nature and geometric patterns of so. There are a lot of similarities in all indigenous cultures..slaves were taken, people were moved on, stories were told..women sold and traded babies..but no matter where we ended up creating bloodlines we still have our ancestry its in our blood.. and that blood and ancestral records will always be there no matter how many of us carry linages of pain and isolation. on my travels, long boat rides, stepping foot on incredible unspoilt landscapes and of course long waits at airports..i started to draw and apparently according to some people i met in Mexico..im drawning indian sytle mandalas..after the last 12 months, which landed me in lapland..i continue to learn about pieces of the puzzle.. even more now about the Sami culture and their arts how similar that is to Native Indians and also Amazigh. i went to see an ancient piece of art work in Morocco and it was so similar to one of the tattoos id designed which was me websiteing my Celtic side. Its so hard to say where something truly orginates from.. unless you open your mind to a spiritual channnel thats not based on someone elses articles/info or books that were written based on what the kings/queens wanted to be written… i have learnt more about the incredible arts and skills from the origins of my family line from indo European, Native Indian, celtic and Viking side women in my family and what they went through by allowing them and their wisdom to come through me, sometimes through spontaneous knowledge about plants and medicines, sometimes through my poetry and art.
Gaelic is now considered to be Ancient Hebrew ! Google it ! Also you say they didn’t have a written language; yet Ogham was used by them before Rome ! Have you been to New Grange ? Older than the Pyramids ! Just saying ! They moved a Standing Stone in West Ireland, and one word in Ogham was written on the underside of the base. Thief !
The orthodox church is original. Even after the great schism when the Orthodox churches refused to acknowledge the pope and change centuries old traditions to follow Roman Catholicism . Do not get lost in the rites of religion, TheAllEndlessness speaks to the church within you, if you have ‘ears’ to hear. I love you ❤
This is Historically complete and utter nonsense! The Celts themselves arrived in Eire ( Ireland ) over nine thousand years ago, the first people in Ireland were the Gaels, who’s history according to scientific archeological evidence have been in Ireland for over 33,000 years. Secondly they were certainly not illiterate either, the Gaelic Irish spoke a Goidelic tongue known today as Gaeilge or simply just Irish, the Celts spoke a language similar to Brythonic ( Welsh ) but was European in origin. Gaelic itself is recognised as one of the oldest spoken languages on earth, and one of the first written, which eradicates the view that we were illiterate. We keepusing this term Celtic, as if the Celts were the predominant identify in Ireland, they weren’t because they had to integrate with the Gaels and today they speak Gaelic, that in itself proves that the Gaels were the more predominant group.. when I hear my history being narrated by the Brits, you can be sure it’s a distortion of the facts. The majority of Irish today are descendants of the Gaels, Celtic is a generic term which completely ignores the history of the Gaels who came first. UCC carried out a archeological study last year, on bones discovered in a cave in County Cork, those bones clarified the human existence of Gaels thirty three thousand years ago, long before the Celts arrived.
Militarily the Celts could no stand the training, discipline, cohesion, logistic and engineering of the Roman legions. Culturally too they were outclassed, and that is why the Romans called them “barbarians”. The Romans never called the Greeks or Egyptians “barbarians”, although they were conquered as well. Although still the vast majority of the population, the celts in Gallia and Britannia, starting from the upper classes, wanted to adopt the roman lifestyle and culture (regarded as superior than their own). And this eventually displaced the celtic culture. Ultimately it is the better culture that prevails. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the german (barbarian invaders) population that settled in the territories of the former Roman Empire were quickly romanized and adopted the roman language and culture of the local latin population (they did not keep their own, primitive in comparison). Eventually, even the germans that remained in “Germany”, for more than 1000 years, till the Napoleonic wars, called their country “Holy ROMAN empire of the german people” (although it was not holy, not roman, and not even an empire). The Western civilization is basically a Greek-Roman civilization.
Thank you for not forgetting us here in Austria. I live in Salzburg and was born in the rural area in the north of it. I also wanted to say: Just around the time when the Hallstatt era ended, a comet came down near lake Chiemsee in Bavaria (Chiemgau comet) The whole area was extinguished, absolutely devastated, people can hardly have survived and everything burnt down to the ground in a firestorm. The whole land between Salzburg and Munich was devastated and uninhabitable for decades. This must have disrupted much. Later, the land was re-inhabited of-course. But it was a major catastrophy. Thank you ever so much for your work! Yes, we were Celts, too. This is the once Kingdom of Noricum speaking. 😃🤓😊😉
I live in Lueneburg, Germany, federal state Lower Saxony, ca. 70000 inhabitants, which got rich as a salt producing place in the 13th and 14th centuries AD. Some minor areas have considerably sunk recently so that several houses had to be pulled down. We literally live on salt mines. When you read in the news that a small German city vanished into the ground you know what had happened. 😮
I often felt as though the history of the celtic peoples predated the La Tene and even the Hallstat. I suspect what we call the celts now are just a continuation and evolution of the bell beaker folk/culture. Thank you for this article, there needs to be more investigation and compilation of the information on the Celts and their history, theirs is the history of at least a part of all western European peoples.
A people thrive on the industry nearest to them. This was a wonderful revelation on our Celtic ancestors and even their own forbearers. As a parallel it now seems probable that the Yamnaya established their early wealth on salt, trading with the Eastern Mediterranean (likely a precursor to the Greek, Armenian spoken in the region along with other IE influences). What we thought occurred mostly via conquest by horsemen appears to at least in part been established by people with a knack for commercial and industrial abilities. This would have allowed the trade and exchange of ideas with the very industrious and culturally advanced Neolithic farmer populations of the Balkans and Anatolia and most importantly, Crete. For quite some time this must have occurred before any major migrations, likely in the koryos pattern. And to think in the iron age, yet another Indo-European salt empire would spread and wield vast influence in the same region. The mighty Celts!
wow, probably my best article of 2024 so far, all combined… yeah, I m a Frank Frank, ha, ha, and love salt, can t get enough of it people keep telling me it s not healthy, but at 55 I look close to 35… ok, not table salt, I m a connaisseur, I go for sea or himalayan salt, powered by the sun, no less, pinky. Francion de saliere 1 rst King of the Franks surely had a serious advantage over his competitors I think there s some legend he drank sea salt, and treated his warriors the same, salt sanitizes wounds, but if you drink some, you ll heal faster too. if you have 100 troops each, but your opponent loses his men from wounds… you ll get to a place where your men have more experience and are yes, more many… knighthood, values leads to Kingdom, but management insures you stay King. so now you know…. God bless America and world peace! great work bro!
There is a lot which still connects us Czechs to Celtic Boii (as on your mape here 26:50). Genetically, there is still quite a lot left, indicating that the Slavic folk did not come to a pristine empty land. Some legends say that our king soon after arrival told to his scouts (who asked him what to do with those who still love there) – let them be, they will come to be us one day! And we still use the name for our country, which was made by Boii – Bohemia, which apparently means “Boii-haeme”, home of the Boii. Here areound Prague, the names of villages are still ringing with that word, like “Bojany” (pronounce Boii-ahny), or “Bojský potok”, meaning Boii creek, and few others. By the way, I’m still convinced that (on the same map I timestamped here) the Venice in Italy, where you have also the big “Boii” was named by the Boii immigrants to Italy from Bohemia: 1) we have here a town named “Benátky”, but we also call the Venetia by the same name (Benátky)! 2) I am sure that we don’t call these two towns by the same names without a reason. Usually the new settlers bring their old names to their new land. The inhabitants of the original older town bear that legacy and this continue calling it the same way, although their languages part in the meantime. I’m not an expert, but naturally, if the original name here was something like “Boii-natia” (could mean Boii nation) it’s easy to imagine how one could change to “Benátky”, while the Italian went towards “Venetia”.
There has also been a discover of pots with depictions of some pretty cool and unique lyres and proto zithers from Hallstatt and continental Celts. Not to mention the long Germanic types that have been found in the continent and Britain. I appreciate that you feature bits and pieces of the musical aspect in your articles, this tradition is quite strong and extends further back then some people might realize. Thanks for another incredible article:)
It is also worth noting that early in the adoption of agriculture, salt shored up a major nutritional deficiency due to the decreased intake of meat (and especially blood) and plants they no longer ate as consistently in favor of cereals. It was actually pretty important as a regular dietary supplement in addition to its use as a preservative and disinfectant.
En tant que Français je me sent lié à tous mes cousins celtiques, du nord du l’Angleterre au sud du Portugal, de l’est des pays bas au centre de la Turquie de l’est de la Roumanie è l’ouest de la France. Que de guerres fratricides nous avons mené. Il est temps de nous réunit sous un seul drapeau: Celui des Celtes.
25:41 very interesting tales about Halstadt – but with mentioning the elotes probably living in southern Germany, it’s a re isn’t mention of the meteorite falling down in that region, which prompted a hollowing out (depopulation) of the centre of that empire, which also prompted the famous Celtic answer to Roman emperor when he asked what the Celts were most afraid of: “We aren’t afraid of nothing except for falling sky!” The information about this horrible event on the internet are quite sparse, I saw some evidence of burnt/partially melted bronze implements some 20 years ago, but later I never found it again. Who knows how this event undercut the Celtic might and their future prospects in Europe?
It seems like you’re describing a kind of proto-EEU, with a common language and currency(i.e. salt) spreading throughout what is now continental Europe and reaching up into the British Isles (as it does today). In other words, a Europe united through a trading network, a common currency, and a common language may not be a 20th-century invention, but instead a tradition that reaches back several thousand years BCE. I also like how you show that the kings could not prosper if the commoners did not prosper, a tradition we carry on today by voting out Presidents, Prime Ministers or Chancellors if the people are not faring well under their rule. Still today, the state of the economy is the single most accurate predictor of whether an incumbent ruler will keep their seat in the next election cycle, not only in Europe, but across the globe.
Thank you for sharing this with us. In recent years due to the easy access to information technology it has become so easy for me to get so much information on the subjects I love which are history and archaeology. I have been able to not only trace my family back over 1000 years but also due to the scientific advances on DNA, genetics and languages I am now able to delve into my family’s origins for thousands more years even though I am not able to trace the individual people from generation to generation. Amazing how the information on many levels melds together to form a solid and believable conclusion. My traceable ancestors originated in Norway, Austria, Germany and France with a tiny bit of Irish and the story of the Indo Aryans and the Celts from this article allows the lense to focus and start to allow further details in the complex picture to be more visible and understandable. Thank you once again for this.
A lot thats highly debatable here but worthwhile to try and advance some bold hypotheses, that are founded in some real knowledge of the evidence. I am a little bit sceptical that a lot is based on some fairly limited – but interesting and as I understand, new – genetic evidence. Elite groups can be related, surely, without necessarily belonging to any kind of stable hierarchy ?? Also is it really possible to consider the Celts without considering all the other groups they interacted with. The Etruscans and Greeks are mentioned but what about the Italics and, then, the Ligurians who seem to represent another Indo-European group who preceded the Celts in some areas (likewise the Lusitanians in Spain). Then there are the Aquitanians, certainly speaking a pre-Indo European language and mentioned as one of 3 major groups in Gaul by Caesar: their range even in his time may have contracted from a previously wider one. Then of course the Germanic people to the North and perhaps more significantly Iranian groups like the Cimmerians and Scythians who may have penetrated far enough West to make contact with and perhaps fought with and/or influenced the Celts. Small quibble: if we are talking about the period BC: Lugus (with declined ending) rather than ‘Lug’ (PS not LugOs either: that would be the wrong declension). Good effort to try and pull a lot of evidence together into some kind of a coherent picture, anyway: respect for that.
I come from Murtal Styria, which belonged to the Kingdom of Noricum at the time of the Hallstadt culture (Hallstadt was part of this kingdom). Archilogical excavations in the last few decades in my region have revealed a lot of finds from before and during Roman times. The Kingdom of Noricum more or less voluntarily joined the Romans in the 1st century BC. In any case, the Roman records that have been preserved say that. With the incorporation of the Noricians, Roman blacksmithing experienced a boost as the Celts’ blacksmiths produced much better steel weapons were able to do better than the Romans at that time. Some historians even believe that it was this knowledge that enabled the Romans to build their later world empire! The famous short sword of the Romans, Glatius (I think that’s what it was called), was developed around this time.
OK, technically the salt that most people eat nowadays and is in most of so-called foods that are pre-made use… Is not min actual salt. It has been processed. That is the kind of salt. That’s not good for you. Celtic sea salt is actually extremely beneficial for your health. Most people do not get enough actual salt. That is the problem… Real good salt like Celtic sea salt has an amazing flavor usually has a feel has an interesting scent. You can almost smell the iodine in it it’s not completely white usually the stuff that people buy that’s called sea salt is even processed… You can get real good salt and research it look it up, actual salt has many essential minerals in it that your body is lacking… almost all of the so-called salt you can purchase today and it’s in the so-called foods today… Is not a health food. If you doctor tell you to eat less salt say OK thank you and go and look up what actual Celtic sea salt is look it up look up, what natural doctors will tell you about this do not listen to people that tell you you need to eat less salt …….. Do you need to eat real non-processed salt, need to eat different salt.
I’m also a bit confused when you’re saying that the changes and Celtification were not brought up by violence, while the stories about Celts are sich that they were clearing the areas around their tribe so that they wouldn’t be useable for their enemies (meaning neighboring Celtic tribes), and while in that culture was the manliness and prowess in battle very much in demand? Where did their young men learnt their warrior skills if not by constant skirmishes with neighboring tribes, similar to the way it was done by the American Indians on the prairies? Edit: you explained it here: 38:04 🤭
You need to learn a Gaelic dialect. Then you can understand how different Gaelic is from Welsh and how unlikely either language was a lingua franca. You will understand why during the historical era, Celtic languages have only spread by mass migration of Celtic speakers and have never spread into non-Celtic speaking populations. Celtic is a branch of the Indo-European language tree. It is best preserved in remote western regions by descendants of the Indo-Europeans who mass migrated to Britain and Ireland around 4500 years ago. I suggest learning two Gaelic dialects, Scottish Gaelic and Munster Irish, to gain a good perspective of Celtic language.
As for why many leaders of Celtic tribes were related like Cú Chulainn and his second cousin Medb Riann MhicAllil… I didn’t know Dad was weird until 6th grade. Can’t everyone’s dad do anything? I finished school, and took lots of aptitude tests hoping for guidance, no luck. 99th percentile in language, 98th percentile in maths, 96th percentile in science. All the tests just said “yeah you can do whatever you want” I am a smith. We already have a smith. I am a healer. We already have a healer. I am a champion. We already have a champion. I am a bard. We already have a bard. Do you have any who are all these at once? You don’t have to be born with the spirit of Lugh, but it helps.
Welsh (Celtic) Civilization One of the early Turko-Turanic peoples who came to Europe with the great migration is the Welsh. Today’s Gaelic languages consist of languages such as Scots, Irish, Welsh. Pelasgian Keltoi Keltoi, The name, pronounced as Etruscan, Galli is “Welsh” in Old Gaelic. This word comes from the Sumerian gal, Old Turkic kal, meaning ‘big’ and ‘mature’. This branch, which came to Europe during the great migration that started from Central Asia, settled in Central Europe, and from there spread to France, the British Isles, the Iberian Peninsula and Northern Italy, the British Isles and some of them to Central Anatolia. The Welsh territories included what is today northern Italy, Switzerland, South-West Germany, France, the Iberian Peninsula, and the British Isles. 5th BC. In the 16th century, the Welsh tribes migrated from central France to the shores of the Mediterranean. It began to influence the Pelasg and Etruscan civilizations and colonies in the Gallan Mediterranean region. The Welsh under Brennus captured Rome around 390 BC and settled in the Po Valley and defeated the Roman forces in a war with the Etruscans. Then they raided Italy and Sicily. When the Romans came to the Rhone valley in the 2nd century BC, they encountered the Welsh. Rome attacked the Gauls in 124-123 BC to establish land contact with the Iberian provinces. Gradually, Roman control expanded and the Roman Province of Gallia-Transalpina was established, stretching from Gaul to the Mediterranean coast.
According to the Dutch scholar Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn, who lived in the 17th century, European languages had a unity of origin with Turkish. At that time in Europe many people, under the influence of the Bible, believed that Hebrew was the root of all languages. However, van Boxhorn opposed that languages derive from a language, such as Hebrew and came to conclusion that Turkish, Latin, Greek, Germanic, Slavic, Celtic, Baltic Persian derive from a common ancient language called Scythian. To prove the common root between these languages and by comparing the etymologies, grammer, inflectional patterns, comgenetic analysis he found similarities suggesting a relationship. Van Boxhorn first presented his theory to his friend Claudius Salmasius in 1637. Ten years later in 1647, he published his theory the ‘Scythian Theory’ into three parts. Later, Claudius Salmasius added Sanskrit to Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorns Scythian Theory. Scottish scientist James Burnet (Lord Monboddo) had introduced Scythian Theory in Britain in the early 18th century. The British invaded India in the late 18th century. They began to colonize and in the early 19th century, controlled most of India and became an imperialist power that ruthlessly exploited its resources. An Englishman named Sir William Jones, who served as a judge in Bengal at the time the British began to colonize India, inspired by van Boxhorn the Scythian Theory ², pushed foward that Sanskrit, Greek, Latin and Persian was derived from a common root and was associated with European languages.
Scotland only started as an entity during the Roman conquest of Britain. Up until that point Britain was an entirely Celtic nation. The commonality between the Irish and Scottish cultures came after the Roman conquest when Irish tribes invaded what was to become Scotland. The Romans pushed the indigenous British Celtic tribes into Wales and the south west of England. After the Romans came more Celts from mainland Europe including the Vikings, Angles, Jutes, Saxons and Normans.
To understand the world, we need to make archeological research in Kazakstan/Uzbekistan, where the R1b splited from R1a and hunted Bizons. The periode between R1a/R1b split and Neolitic, made the R1b haplogroup. We need to know, if there was some kind of eternal war between tribes, that made the R1b haplogroup.
I’m just gonna add some salt to this one, (not industrial one, nor gonna go to “celtic, wtf?!?!”), let’s go back to “early neolitic europe”, and “salt mines”, did the sky fall on your heads, and u just like… “lost something” 😂 Even in mesolitic, and early and mid, and late neolitic times, peopels of europe were using salt lakes to harvest pure natural salt??? Maybe u need to go and see some of em, yes they still are around, and all the neolitic (city is a small word for thise times) were, and still are aroud them… 😊
There has never been an “Indo-European society” or an “Indo-European language” in the past. In my previous works, I made a mirrored critique of Aryan Theory These are ungrounded arguments, theses. They cannot, and so far, have not been able to corroborate these terms scientifically or linguistically. All today’s European societies are the ancestors of the Turan society that migrated from Central Asia. Word Arya is also found in Old Uyghur documents, and Arya and Aryaman are also used as personal names in Old Turks. This has been transformed from the Old Turkic word arı, meaning ‘clean’, ‘clear’, ‘pure’, into Sanskrit as arya and means noble, ‘true’, ‘wise’. Here. I will content myself with a brief critique of the Indo-European Theory of Languages. All European languages are Turanian languages. Languages called fusional or inflected languages are actually agglutinative languages. For example, the conclusion (thesis) that the inflected languages, gathered under the “Indo-European Language Cluster” invented by European linguists, are related (relative) languages, is a forced statement and cannot be absolutely verified on a linguistic basis. Moreover, Western linguists defending this concept cannot explain for what reason “Indo-European” languages, which show agglutinative language features, should be classified under “inflected” languages. The inflectional features of a language indicate that that language has not yet matured, in other words, its structural evolution has not been completed.
Doesn’t an empire necessitate the rule of multiple different people groups by a single people group? I still think you’re too insistent on the idea of a celtic empire. Interconnected powerful families engaged in trade is not the same thing as a political empire. The idea of a “Great High Celtic King” is certainly romantic, but completely made up. You should be more clear about that.