The magic angle is a precisely defined angle, approximately 54.7356°, that occurs in sequences with short time-of-flight (TE) sequences, such as T1 weighted, proton density weighted, and gradient echo sequences. It is confined to regions of tightly bound collagen at 54.74°. This phenomenon is often assigned in college physics courses as a homework problem.
The magic angle is an MRI artifact that occurs due to the phenomenon of nuclear dipole-dipole interactions. It appears as a bright signal on T1-weighted images and can occur in tissues with highly structured collagen fibers. The magic angle can be used in certain conditions to visualize tendons and ligaments in positive contrast, allowing classic analysis with T1 and T2-weighting as well as studies.
The magic angle refers to a specific angle of rotation between two stacked layers of two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene and transition metal. It involves consideration of the fiber-to-field angle for linear structures such as tendons, ligaments, peripheral nerves, disc-like and circular structures such as menisci. The magic angle effect in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is caused by changes in the dipolar interactions between water hydrogen protons that are loosely bound along.
Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy is a powerful method for analysis of a broad range of systems, including inorganic materials. When tissues are aligned at approximately 55 degrees to the main magnetic field (known as the magic angle), there is an increase in the signal intensity on the tissue.
Graphene, known as the “magic angle”, is stirring up physics with its superconductivity and other curious properties.
📹 The Secrets of ‘Magic’ Angle Graphene Are Now Fully Revealed
First discovered in 2018, magic-angle graphene involves taking graphene—a single sheet of carbon atoms—and stacking two of …
What is a 72 degree angle called?
The question asks about the depiction of a 72 degree angle in geometry. To determine if 72 degrees is completely divisible by $dfrac$ degrees, we need to use a protractor. 72 degrees is an acute angle, so it will be less than 90 degrees. To draw it, we need to draw a straight horizontal ray and fix a protractor at the starting point of the ray. The vertical and horizontal lines on the protractor overlap with this starting point, and the horizontal line on the protractor also overlaps with the ray.
We start at the right side and move along the curve of the protractor, marking the 72 degree point before the 90 degree angle mark. We join this point with the point at which the protractor was fixed to get the desired angle.
Being careful when using a protractor is essential, as the measure of angles is in both directions along the arc of the tool. If we need to draw an acute angle with the initial side extending in the rightward direction, we move from right to left along the arc. However, we can work from one side only, as the sum of linear pairs of angles is 180 degrees.
What is the magic angle in MRI?
The magic angle effect in magnetic resonance imaging is caused by changes in dipolar interactions between water hydrogen protons in collagen fibrils in tissue like tendon or articular cartilage. When tendons are aligned at 55 degrees to the main magnetic field, the T2 relaxation time is lengthened, causing focal increased signal on short echo time MR images. Tendons in the ankle, wrist, and rotator cuff of the shoulder are common sites to observe this effect.
Distinguishing magic angle effect from pathologic signal abnormalities requires close comparison between T1- and T2-weighted images and evaluation for secondary signs of injury such as tendon thickening or associated fluid.
What is the degree of the magic angle?
The “magic angle” is a crucial factor in NMR experiments, as it allows for the examination of the structure of molecules. In liquids, molecules can move and tumble rapidly, allowing scientists to examine their collective response to the magnetic field. However, in solids, molecules are stuck in a particular orientation to surrounding molecules and the magnet, resulting in fuzzy NMR signals. This problem was solved by the magic angle spinning (MAS) probe, invented by the late E.
Raymond Andrew, a renowned physicist who played a significant role in establishing the vision for the MagLab at the University of Florida. The MAS probe was designed to provide a more accurate interpretation of the blurry spectrum from solid materials.
How does magic angle work?
The magic angle, a root of a second-order Legendre polynomial, is a precise angle with a value of approximately 54. 7356°. It is crucial in magic angle spinning solid-state NMR spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging due to the appearance of hyperintense structures with ordered collagen, such as tendons and ligaments, in some sequences. The magic angle artifact or effect refers to the hyperintensity of these structures in certain sequences. The angle between the space diagonal of a cube and its three connecting edges is θ m.
What is a 110 degree angle called?
Obtuse angles are those measuring less than 180 degrees but more than 90 degrees, with examples including 110°, 135°, 150°, 179°, and 91°. These angles are found in various objects such as open books, scissors, and doors. To construct an obtuse angle, two rays meet at a point, forming the arms of the angle. The vertex is the point where the arms meet. To draw an obtuse angle using a protractor and compass, follow these steps:
- Open a book when reading it.
- Use scissors to cut a wide door.
- Draw an obtuse angle using a protractor and compass.
What is a 100 degree angle called?
In geometry, an angle is defined as a plane figure formed by two rays, or a line segment, meeting at a point. Angles can be classified as acute (between 0 and 90 degrees) or obtuse (between 90 and 180 degrees), with acute angles being between 0° and 90° and obtuse angles being between 90° and 180°.
What is a 225 degree angle called?
Angles are fundamental units of geometry, found in nature and essential for architecture and engineering. They are found in various forms, including acute, right, obtuse, straight, and reflex angles. Acute angles are less than 90 degrees, while right angles are exactly 90 degrees. Obtuse angles are more than 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees, while straight angles are exactly 180 degrees. Reflex angles are greater than 180 degrees and less than 360 degrees.
Learning about angles is crucial as they form the base of geometry. An angle is formed when two lines intersect, with the sides being the rays that form the angle. Angles can be formed by the intersection of two straight lines or curved lines. To measure angles, it is essential to understand the different types of angles and their importance in geometry problems.
How to fix magic angle in MRI?
The Magic Angle Artifact can be reduced by adjusting imaging parameters, increasing repetition and echo times, using a higher b-value in diffusion-weighted imaging, and patient repositioning. These adjustments can help avoid the artifact by changing the angle between collagen fibers and the imaging plane. The effect is caused by increased signal intensity in the normal lateral patellar tendon on short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) images.
What is the magic angle in NMR?
Solid-state magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy is a method used to study structure, dynamics, and intermolecular interactions in various biological systems and sample conditions with atomic resolution. It has been extensively used to study microcrystalline proteins. The technique is used in text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, and all open access content is licensed under Creative Commons terms.
What is the theory of magic angle spinning?
Magic-angle spinning (MAS) is a technique used in solid-state NMR spectroscopy to produce better resolution spectra. It involves spinning the sample at a magic angle of approximately 54. 74° relative to the direction of the magnetic field. Three main interactions in solid state NMR (dipolar, chemical shift anisotropy, quadrupolar) often result in broad and featureless lines. However, these interactions can be averaged by MAS to some extent. In solution-state NMR, most of these interactions are averaged out due to rapid molecular motion due to thermal energy.
What is the magic angle equation?
To obtain sharp NMR resonances in solid-state, a precise adjustment of the spinning axis to the magic angle (θ MA = arccos 1 / 3 ≅ 54. 74 °) is necessary. This can be done on a crystalline or powdered potassium bromide sample as an external standard or in situ. The magic angle can be adjusted on a crystalline or powdered sample. Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B. V., its licensors, and contributors.
📹 ‘Magic’ Angle Graphene Is BACK…with an Even Bigger Twist
In 2018, the discovery of something called a “magic angle” in graphene rocked the physics community. Graphene is a single-atom …
Man this is super cool. I feel as we keep studying graphene and other novel carbon structures we’re going to keep learning more and more new things. I’m excited to see what else we learn and I can’t wait for graphene to be easier, faster and cheaper to produce and start really working its way into the materials market.
I am excited about this! If you’re ambivalent, realize that artificial lasers were invented in my lifetime. Scientist were excited about some target opportunities, but I doubt that any visionary of the day would have foretold how ubiquitous they would become (with applications still to be had!) This has similar potential.
You are truly the best from Seeker. When you are the one explaining things, no matter what the topic is, I always feel like I’m walking away with either learning something new, learning what is the correct knowledge or finally understanding something I’ve heard of, but was too complicated for me to understand before and now I know. Thank you. 😁🤗
To be fair, graphene has been heralded as a material that will revolutionize multiple industries. It’s been nearly 10 years and it hasn’t left the lab save for some portable charging packs. But these packs don’t utilize the full potential of what we were promised. It’s exciting stuff for sure. But so we’re the countless other “breakthroughs” that we were shown.
First thing that comes to mind when i here graphene and tuning used in same sentence.. Samples were removed from alien abductees contained graphene tubes casted INSIDE the metals. The tubes are believed to make up some kind of radio tracking system like some kind of advanced radio vacuum tubes arrangement. What they couldn’t figure out was how metal could be formed around the graphene tubes without destroying them. My immediate thoughts were they were some how charged and tuned to be outside of the dimension the casting was being done so as not to melt or destroy the graphene…. WOW! now that’s far out man.. OR IS IT?
On a future note. That same twist layer should be exhibited through other substances as well. I think there might be a hot iron based super conductor that shows this but I might be off on that. Still in the future it should be useful for nano machines. That among other things like data storage and switching/sensing capabilities through ordinary materials given a primer material then eveuntly through signal alone. In future materials of course. I don’t think anyone has got that far yet.
Make a article about Donor-Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts (DASAs) a new class of organic photoswitch first synthesised in 2014 at the university of Santa Barbra, OR if that’s a little too specific then make a article about organic photoswitches in general. There is TOOONS of work on Azo-Benzene photoswitches and there is some amazing work that’s been published, for example researchers doped a polymer matrix with a specific azo-benzene to make a “Artificial Flytrap”, which is a part of the “soft robotics” field which is also awesome but a lot of hydro-gels (photoswitches are cooler). There are also spyropyrans and diarylethenes, and a few other photoswitches that are really awesome!! People have made wavelength controlled nano-reactors from polymersomes made with DASA photoswitches incorporated into the polymer chains that allow you to turn the reactors on and off with light. You guys messaged me on my instagram about using some of my posts in some of your posts and I work with DASAs so you have shown interest in the area aha 😀 I think it would make a great article.
As a physicist that actually studies magic angle twisted bilayer graphene and other twisted 2D materials, this article is pretty misleading. The secrets of magic angle graphene are far from from “fully revealed” and there is not yet a complete consensus in the field of what is going on in that system. New research is being published all the time and we learning more about it all the time. Also scanning electron microscopes don’t have tips, they use a focused beam of electrons to image a surface
I was listening to this article and I love all the info and then I was thinking “Man, I could listen to her talk forever.” You have a soft, pleasant voice that made it easy for me to absorb all the info. Then I looked at the article and you’re very very beautiful. So good job Seeker! Sorry for the weird comment and Im sorry if it came off creepy. I just wanted to give props. I hope you all at Seeker had a great 4th and thanks for always teaching me awesome science stuff. Hail Sagan.
I think the pretty moiré patterns from idealized graphene sheets overlapping are misleading people. It seems obvious that a single layer of atoms would have continuous ripples and deformations, only made worse by approaching another sheet. Do any of the novel properties of twistronics survive at room temperatures?
Thank you guys for such great explanatory presentation on the physics of twisted bilayers graphene, is always fan to watch your articles they are instructive and inspiring. I suscribed to your website while ago and I enjoy all your presentations. I’m a physics amateur and passionate skywatcher ( my tweeter account @Dragonmaurizio ). I have a proposal to submit. I`m wandering if you would take the time to investigate about the amount of Hydrazine left into the tank of Voyager 2. I been submitting my question to JPL while ago, but I never got an answer. The question is dictated by the fact of the position of Voyager 2 currently zipping at 17 km per second outside the heliosphere. Considering that very soon the craft will be entering the Oort Cloud which is disseminated by myriads of asteroids and stellar debris of all size, the chances to be hit by one of them are high. if there’s fuel left and if the telemetry sensors are still active the probe may be able to dodge incoming rocks. one single hit even one the size of a pebble could set Voyager out of course making it spinning out of control and terminating its mission, would be really a shame after such long glorious journey through the solar system and beyond, and also the loss could be significant form the scientific prospective because Voyager is still sending data ( although minimal ) back to earth. Thank you for your time. Fondly @Dragonmaurizio
It almost feels like April fools episode when they say things like scanning nano-SQUID And turn the pages of history every now and then they keep saying promising graphine, super fast charging batteries and this and that.. and almost nothing comes out to people.. So this is April fools fellas.. this is.. 😂🙏🏼
Is it just me, or would funding more research be easier if production was a primary focus? If you can put it into the hands of builders, metallurgists, textile manufacturers, etc. enlightening them on how their industries can benefit from it, they’d be more receptive towards funding research or would fund it through their purchases of the graphene itself.
Makes sense, think double helical in a seed of life pattern. Two sets of trinity (three rings makes one trinity) makes one whole seed. Let’s say one trinity is negative charge. (Three rings of negative trying repeal from each other). The other trinity (does the same as the negative trinity) is positive charge. So the whole thing is neutral seed. Graphene being stacked is in neutral state. The twist is the off set that causes the push or pull to react. Like one trinity of neutral with one negative (or positive)trinity. That gives use the positive (or negative)seed.
Graphine is so cool. I am already thinking of ways to use this new “twited” version. Imagine a car made of graphite. I know, we already have those. But now imagine one with no wires. If this twisted version can be a insulator and a conductor and as they clame it can do other things as it just depends on what type of current you run through it. Then we can make devices with no wires in it at all. I am just amazed at this stuff.
The average location of an electron and the 60 degree angle of the graphene lattice are going to prove instrumental in the high conductivity property of graphene twisted at 1.1 degrees. Being able to traverse the lattice is effortless when the electrons cannot tell which proton they belong to. I think.
I used to have suicidal thoughts some time ago but damn if science isn’t exciting. As shitty as life can be we are improving on a more accelerated pace. For a long time I have been having a very positive life, you should always find something that excites you and incorporate it into your life values.
Love this report. It would be nice if you tell us the dates of these discoveries and the next studies/tests. Knowing the time between these would help us know how long it takes from one discovery to the tests or the next steps and who does it get handed off to next. Just a suggestion. I guess I’m not too patient with the next steps. I’m hoping these discoveries will get more scientists and engineers involved so it gets developed much sooner. Quantum computing needs to happen faster.
Two things. 1) I’m curious if any element that’s flattened to 1 atom thick with the sheets spaced 1 atom appart at the appropriate angles could replicate the effects of this graphene. 2) Someone needs to put a gravitational field sensor on this experiment since a lot of fundamental forces seem to be getting tweaked here. Wouldn’t want to miss the breakthrough of lifetime if it is there.
everytime seeker makes a article about graphene you all flock to watch this nonsense which has absolutely no effect on your life whatsoever. There are many different super materials which have uses in the science world, yet which are impossible to commercialize. Graphene is a Youtube topic which generates views
Hii! There is a report on nanostructured based gold silver composite that exhibited Superconductivity at ambient temperature and pressure (room temperature and pressure) This was carried out at IISC, Bengaluru, India. It could be great if you could make a article on that also as there were lots of questions raised in their initial pre-print version submission which probed the research team to perform more experiments to validate the observation
I’m after graphene since 2010 and try to get as much information as possible, but sadly its really hard to get some reliable stuff. I think to further boost the interest of the public in this magical material and other scientific innovations, there schould be a platform open to everybody with a section where scientists can post all their research and a section where everybody can suggest stuff. The scientists then can get new ideas from all people and not just academics. Sometimes people can be really smart without an academical career. I wanna see more of that what awaits us and im really into that kind of stuff … I’m talking about graphene since it was made public and everybody is allredy annoyed by my nerdiness there 🙂
Biggest usage will be levitation once they master tuning it. Lexus had that hover board that worked on copper plating. Only issue was they had to cool the board down cryogenically to get the super conductor magnets to work. Bam graphine could make this issue disappear. If we all could invest in the development we could all help the technology, and maybe make a few bucks in the process.
I don’t think a lot of people understand just how difficult and time consuming it is to develop new materials and concepts. Graphene is still a new material and, like she said in the article, there’s still a lot we don’t understand about it or how it does what it does, not to mention we don’t even know how to effectively mass produce it. We can’t just put something on the market if we don’t even know how it works. Besides, it was never on the market, so really nobody’s lives should be so apparently affected by its absence. But if pointlessly bickering and flailing makes you happy, go off sis 🤷♂️
Has anyone attempted to make “Silicofene” or “Germafene” with the other elements that have the same number of electrons as Carbon in its outer layer? It could be possible to arrange them as one-atom thick sheets too. After all, it is Silicone what we use for semiconductors, not Carbon, so we have been working with it for a long time already.
Graphene can in the future revolutionize computer technology, and the property of graphene can make passible to create graphene based higher capacity and at the same time more reliable data storage for flash drives. Possibly also could make possible totally new battery technology which increases battery efficiency totally new level, and could finally obsolete combustion engine in the cars. As scientific research and development around graphene is intense, many other uses for graphene are sure to be found. The actual revolution in the use of graphene in various industrial sectors will be achieved at the point, when is first developed a process capable of producing high quality graphene in sufficiently large quantities at a reasonably low cost.
MIT should use a laser to bake on the hydrogen and methane atmosphere to the substrate instead of using an oven which takes longer to produce. And Graphene has a tunable bandwidth as you see in the article so a laser should be a nice addition to the production of Graphene. You could use different colors or shoot sound through the beam to manipulate it the way you want.
i wanna say that in nature it probably forms normal crystaline structures … but when you make the graphene which is not found in nature and twist it… since its 2 and not in nits natural state the structures might be even closer together at certain points thus allowing for less resistance than usual … idk just a guess, ive enjoyed hearing about graphene since they made it on cd’s or whatever and then found the tape method
I have a hypothesis. Maybe the reason electricity can move so freely or easily through graphing is because of the way it is shaped molecularly. Think about it, scientists mostly are concerned about what an item is made of and how all the components that make that item affect the things around it or things period. I think that the answer lies not in what it’s made of, but how it is structure and built. I believe the reason graphing is so versatile is because of its molecular structure, with emphasis on the word (Structure). As we all know none of the elements are structured the exact same. I believe the structure or the way it is structured allows graphene to be sold versatile. I see it like this if I’m wrong someone please tell me. It is my belief that anything that is conductive has a closed molecular structure. I believe anything that has a evenly distributed and closed molecular structure, would be given the properties of an antenna allowing it to pick up and the release vibrations for we all know that electricity is nothing but densely-packed sound.
This is all great and these materials are touted as being game changing but we have known about them for decades and promised all these fantastical things coming from them but here we sit today doing nothing but still talking about how great and magical they are and all we see is a big nothing burger! Wake me when someone actually puts these materials into a real use case and can finally prove how awesome they are beyond some scientific paper touting how awesome they are!
I have this crazy idea, we take exactly 3 layers of graphene one on top of each other, we fold a paper plane, the classic design, then we dip in liquid hidrigen and then we toss it into a nuclear reactor…for some reason it will generate infinite energy, and get rid of the nuclear waste at the same time…
The energy (magnetic) relative to the earths atmosphere (gravity, friction, resistances, etc) is right with that mere risk for gravity/the way water will hug the sides of cups, that the energy curves around the 1.1 angle, naturally using the superconductive material as a vehicle.. sorry my English is bad here but that sums up the answer I am not a real scientist
I put the magic angles of graphene or boar Feen or other single layer atoms or elements maybe what cause Sky cool systems choose rated radiative cooling to make ice and the desert in Egypt around the pyramids or why the pyramids are shaped and a swear and there might be a reason why it was shaped that way I don’t think that the pyramids were made so precise with logs and things but more with knowledge that we have to understand in science
how did they know to stack them, bend them to that exact angle then cool them to near absolute zero and see if they were superconducting? that’s not something you happen to stumble on, they must have had a reason to.. so what was it? also i wonder what cellular phone company will be the first to use technology like this
graphene has been used as the ultimate power source as demonstrated by the u of ark. their sample produced a usable current in dimensions you need a microscope to see and because the inovation is so ground breaking people do not understand the full implications. a sphere only 50m in diam filled to only 3/4 with the active graphene material would produce, at least, 1.5 times the total annual global energy demand every second for forever, at best it would produce 3 times the total global energy demand every second for forever. building the substrate our electronics rest upon out of the material would eliminate all external power requirements for a given device, for forever. cpus could be as wasteful as they want if the electricity required was produced at the point of use and in excess of the demand. all energy problems could be eliminated and a lot of things that were ‘impossible’ due to energy limitations suddenly become ‘easy’ need miles of electrified magnets for that train no problem put a fair bit more of the graphene material required per magnet at each magnet, at the relatively compact dimensions of ‘nanometers’ millions could be put in a soda cap and produce staggering power. literally everything changes when you have unlimited power at hand and with their discovery that is the case. but again it is so big people cant normally wrap their brains around it.