The Aztec calendar, also known as the “Sunstone” or “Tonatiuh”, is a complex and ancient system that holds significant significance in various civilizations. The Aztec culture flourished during the time of the Spanish conquistadors, and the Aztec calendar consisted of two main components: the Tonalpohualli, a sacred calendar composed of 260 days, and the Xiuhpohualli, a solar calendar. The Tonalpohualli represents the current age of the world according to the Aztecs.
The Aztec calendar system consisted of two types of calendars: the xiuhpohualli, a disc with concentric rings of symbols, and the Xiuhpohualli, a solar calendar. The Xiuhpohualli is based on the Aztec sun stone, an ancient Mesoamerican artifact found buried in Mexico. The Aztec calendar system was used for foresight, prediction of fate, and celestial events, but did not predict the future.
The Aztec codex tarot is a deck that illustrates the Major and Minor arcana the way the Aztecs would have done it. It is a unique and custom divination tool that offers a powerful way to describe personality and character traits with great precision.
Tarot was originally used by adepts as a mnemonic device for practicing Jewish mysticism, with the 22 Hebrew letters representing stability in both Western tarot numerology and the Mayan sacred calendar. Aztec astrology is a complex science that uses three different calendars: Tonalpohualli astrology, a sacred divination calendar composed of 260 days, and the Tarot-type fortune-telling deck called Ticitl (priest/teacher).
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How do you read a Aztec calendar?
The Aztec calendar, known as the tonalpohualli, was a sacred calendar consisting of 260 days, each representing either astronomical or magical events. The calendar had twenty day names and thirteen numbers, represented by dots placed next to the pictograph of each day. The names and numbers were repeated at the end of the sequence, ensuring that no day could be mixed up with another due to the rotation sequence of days and months.
A god or goddess served for each twenty-day cycle, while another god or goddess controlled each of the twenty weeks. Thirteen gods ruled the thirteen parts of the Aztec day, while nine took care of the night. A complete list of gods, goddesses, and their functions can be found in George C. Vaillant’s book, Aztecs of Mexico.
Priests, called tonalpouque, interpreted signs and events from the tonalpohualli and recorded their predictions in sacred books called tonalamatl. These priests were the only ones who could read and explain the Aztec Calendar.
Is the Aztec calendar lunar or solar?
Mesoamericans had a long history of computing time, with two main methods: the tonalpohuahalli, a 260-day cycle, and the xiuhpohualli, a 365-day solar count. The tonalpohuahalli was a sacred almanac used for divination and possibly dates back to the Olmec period. Archaeoastronomers believe the tonalpohualli may be based on actual astronomical observations, as the sun crosses a zenith point over Copan every 260 days.
This alignment with the sun and moon, which influenced planting, harvesting, and religious festivals, has led archaeoastronomers to place Aztec astronomy within the calendrical system. The tonalpohualli cycle was organized into 20 days, each with a patron, hieroglyph, and number.
Is the Aztec calendar more accurate?
The Aztec calendar, which included 12 days to conclude the cycle, added 12 leap days per 52 years, resulting in a real value closer to 365. 2422 days than the old Julian or current Gregorian calendar. The Sun Stone, hand-carved between 1427 and 1479, was decorated with calendar markings, marking the date 13-Reed and the 20 day names surrounding the sun god’s face. When Mexico opened its new National Museum of Anthropology in 1964, the Sun Stone was given the central place of honor among 120, 000 works of artistic and cultural relevance.
Today, it attracts two million visitors a year. The Aztec Sun Stone is now housed in Mexico City’s National Museum of Anthropology, marking the beginning of a new era of cultural and artistic appreciation.
How accurate is the Aztec calendar?
The Aztec calendar, which included 12 days to conclude the cycle, added 12 leap days per 52 years, resulting in a real value closer to 365. 2422 days than the old Julian or current Gregorian calendar. The Sun Stone, hand-carved between 1427 and 1479, was decorated with calendar markings, marking the date 13-Reed and the 20 day names surrounding the sun god’s face. When Mexico opened its new National Museum of Anthropology in 1964, the Sun Stone was given the central place of honor among 120, 000 works of artistic and cultural relevance.
Today, it attracts two million visitors a year. The Aztec Sun Stone is now housed in Mexico City’s National Museum of Anthropology, marking the beginning of a new era of cultural and artistic appreciation.
What is the difference between Aztec calendar and Mayan calendar?
The calendrical systems of the Aztec and Mayan civilizations exhibited similarities, yet also notable differences. The Mayan civilization had three calendars, whereas the Aztec civilization had two. The Aztec calendar was a simplified version of the Mayan calendar, rather than an adapted one.
Is the Aztec calendar religious?
The Aztec calendar, a dating system based on the Mayan calendar, was used in the Valley of Mexico before the destruction of the Aztec empire. It consisted of a ritual cycle of 260 days and a civil cycle of 365 days. The ritual cycle, or tonalpohualli, contained two smaller cycles, an ordered sequence of 20 named days and a sequence of days numbered from 1 to 13. Each cycle was associated with a different deity, and the combinations of ruling deities were used for divination.
The civil year was divided into 18 months of 20 days each, plus an additional 5 days called nemontemi, considered unlucky. The Aztec ritual and civil cycles returned to the same positions relative to each other every 52 years, celebrated as the Binding Up of the Years or the New Fire Ceremony. A circular calendar stone measuring 12 feet in diameter and weighing 25 tons was uncovered in Mexico City in 1790 and is currently on display in the National Museum of Anthropology.
What is the spiritual meaning of the Aztec calendar?
The tonalpohualli, or day-count, is a sacred calendar in Aztec cosmology that divides days and rituals between gods. It is crucial for the Aztec worldview, as the universe is in a delicate equilibrium, with opposing divine forces competing for power. The gods, who are the source of tonalli (Shadow Soul) life energy, have their own space, time, and social groups to rule over. The system of the tonalpohualli can be understood as two wheels connected to each other, with numbers from one to thirteen written on one wheel and twenty symbols on the other.
The first day of the tonalpohualli begins with number “one” combining with the first symbol, followed by number “two” and the second symbol. After 260 days, the two wheels return to their initial position, and the tonalpohualli starts all over again.
A day in the tonalpohualli consists of a number and a symbol or daysign, dedicated to a god or elemental force. The twenty daysigns and their gods are successively displayed on the Sun Stone, symbolizing the struggle between the gods and the world. The Aztec worldview emphasizes the importance of the gods’ role in preventing the world from falling into a spiritual war.
What was the Aztecs main symbol?
The eagle, also known as cuauhtli in Nahuatl, was a significant symbol in the Aztec world, denoting a day in the Aztec calendar. As a fierce bird of prey, the eagle was associated with the sky, war, and their principal deity, Huitzilopochtli. In Aztec religion, an eagle was present during the birth of the sun, giving them distinctive black-tipped wings. The Aztec belief in eagles’ martial power was evident in the creation of Eagle warriors, decorated veterans on par with Jaguar warriors. These warriors dressed in fine, eagle-themed regalia, and were linked to Huitzilopochtli, similar to the Jaguar warriors associated with Tezcatlipocha.
What does the Aztec circle mean spiritually?
Aztec design often featured specific shapes and colors, such as the serpentine shape representing eternity and fertility, and the quincunx symbol representing the center of the universe. The contrast between warm colors like red and yellow and cool colors like blue and green was used to create visual appeal. These colors had symbolic meanings, such as red representing life-cycle renewal or gods of death, and yellow symbolizing male power or life after death.
Symbols in Aztec design had complex meanings, often rooted in religion and mythology. For example, an eagle with a snake in its beak represented the god Huitzilopochtli, a feathered serpent represented Quetzalcoatl, and a jaguar represented Tezcatlipoca. Other Aztec symbols were associated with divination, human emotion, and natural elements like fire and water. These designs invoked appeal to gods or evoke feelings of power and strength.
Abstract shapes could represent nature or urban life, and were found on stone murals, furniture, religious ceremonies, and even worn as jewelry.
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