Conspiracy Theorists: Are They Mentally Ill?

A new study reveals that conspiracy mentality is linked to certain personality traits, such as low levels of trust and an increased need for closure. People drawn to conspiracy theories share a cluster of psychological features, including low levels of trust and feelings of emotional distress. There is little to no evidence that conspiracy theory beliefs are associated with mental illnesses like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depression. However, many specific conspiracy theories are in circulation, such as the Apollo Moon landings being faked or the British secret service murdering Princess Dianna.

A national survey of 2021 U.S. adults was used to examine 15 psychological and political characteristics and beliefs in 39 different conspiracy theories. The study found that conspiracy theories do not control individuals’ lives or cause severe emotional disturbance. About half of Americans believe at least one medical conspiracy theory, such as those relating to cancer cures and vaccines.

Conspiration theory beliefs are more a reflection of a sick society than individual mental illness. Mental health practitioners should understand and mitigate the vulnerability that a mental disorder creates to extremists. The approach to patients with conspiracy beliefs should be similar to dealing with psychotic disorders.

Delusions are symptoms of psychiatric disorders, and there is a specific kind of stigma often directed at those who suffer from mental illness. The political use of conspiracy theories can also contribute to their spread.