What Was The Driving Force Behind Germany’S Mystical Religiosity?

In fourteenth-century Germany, the mystical religiosity that inspired images emphasizing both ecstatic joy and extreme suffering was influenced by factors such as famine, wars, and plagues. Giotto’s emphasis on human nature was likely influenced by these factors. The development of mysticism in Germany during this time was influenced by the dominant Ritschl School and the proliferation of various forms of “mystical” religiosity.

The mystics had a great deal to say about the role of suffering in Christian life and introduced a new spirituality of suffering into late medieval Germany. The Black Death, societal unrest, and religious upheavals in Germany led to mystical religiosity, which was reflected in the art of the period, displaying both extreme joy and suffering.

Organized religion has had a large influence on the development of German culture. Germany was the birthplace of Martin Luther, who initiated the Protestant Reformation movements of the 16th century in resistance to the creed. The aim of this contribution is to set out Troeltsch’s concept of mysticism in its various nuances and demonstrate how deeply religious and social factors contributed to the development of mystical religiosity in Germany during this time.


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What Was The Driving Force Behind Germany'S Mystical Religiosity?
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  • Come on guys, you dramatize too much🙂. What’s happening with religions now it’s a completely natural phenomenon. There is nothing that lasts for ever. The world is always changing, people are born, they live and then they passe away; events begin, lasts a wile and then they end. And the same happens with religions: they begin, they last a while and then they end. Nowadays we are witnessing the end of the era of religions. This is the truth that someone of us have difficulty to accept. The religious people say it’s the end of the world but, it’s not true, it’s just the end of an era. The world existed before religions and it will exist after religions as well. Remember: NOTHING LASTS FOR EVER.SO BE STRONG AND BELIEVE IN YOURSELF AND EVERYTHING WILL BE ALLRIGHT🙂👍

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  • The fascinating thing about Czech republic is that unlike the other European countries on that list, who started rapidly becoming more irreligious in the 20th century, their atheism has deep historical roots, dating back to Hussite rebellions. Yes, I know that Hussites were Christians and not atheists, but their ideas laid the ground for general irreverence towards the Church.

  • For those who are interested in just the names, but are bored by the highschool essay, here is the list of nations: 25. Iceland 24. France 23. Slovenia 22. Austria 21. Ireland 20. Israel 19. Latvia 18. Finland 17. Canada 16. Spain 15. Azerbaijan 14. South Korea 13. Hongkong 12. Germany 11. Vietnam 10. Denmark 9. Norway 8. Australia 7. Estonia 6. Belgium 5. UK 4. Czech republic 3. Sweden 2. Japan 1. China

  • I have to agree with many commenters that I was not expecting a travelog but a sincere examination of the religious landscape of the countries chosen. Don’t mind the travelog per se, but the topic of atheism and religion was not seriously examined. I am sorry, but atheism is not that prevalent in those countries. The presenter is conflating no religious affiliation, referred to as Nones in the US, and atheism. I suspect that for many of the countries listed here the high percentages were not people identifying as atheist, rather they are indicating no religious affiliation. Atheism is the lack of a belief in a god while those indicating no religious affiliation may, and often do, believe in a god, they just don’t participate in organized religion. Among the Nones, there are some atheists and agnostics who do not wish to identify as such for various reasons, but that is a small percentage of the Nones. I will use the example at the beginning that 43% of Americans “stand in the camp of the non-believers. Ummm, no. The percentage of Americans identifying as Atheist is around 8%, give or take. The 43% is composed primarily Nones, plus atheists and agnostics, so approximately 30% of the population, the Nones, believe in a god, they just are not members of an organized religion. I would have really appreciated a serious look and not a superficial one, but that would have required more in-depth research, and honesty. Many countries do not keep precise statistics on people’s religious beliefs, and in those that do, not everyone is honest about their religious beliefs, or lack thereof.

  • I can only comment on Ireland (being Irish and familiar with Ireland) The last official census in 2022 asked about religious belief. 14% said they had no religion and 7% refused to answer the question. 69% claimed to be Roman Catholics. Religious affiliation is certainly declining in Ireland but I can’t see where the 60% for atheists comes from. Unless Godlessness has expotentially increased in the two years since the census was taken.

  • God in the Old Testament I AM (Exodus 3:14–15; Isaiah 48:12) The Shepherd (Psalm 23:1) The Light (Psalm 27:1) The Rock (Psalm 18:2) Ruler of all (Isaiah 9:6) Judge of all nations (Joel 3:12) The Bridegroom (Isaiah 62:5; Hosea 2:16) God’s Word never passes away (Isaiah 40:8) The Sower (Jeremiah 31:27; Ezra 34:9) First and the Last (Isaiah 48:12) Jesus’ Reference to Himself I AM (John 8:58) The Shepherd (John 10:11) The Light (John 8:12) The Rock (Matthew 7:24) Ruler of all (Matthew 28:18) Judge of all (John 5:22) The Bridegroom (Matthew 25:1) Jesus’ words never pass away (Mark 13:31) The Sower (Matthew 13:3–9) First and the Last (Revelation 1:17–18) Jesus said many things that equated Himself with Yahweh: “Anyone who has seen Me has seen the Father” (John 14:9) and “I and the Father are one” (John 10:30). He asked God, “Glorify me in your presence with the glory I had with you before the world began” (John 17:5). He said, “My Father is always at His work to this very day, and I too am working” (John 5:17). In addition, Jesus accepted worship nine times in the gospels, forgave sins, and commanded His disciples to pray in His name. Jesus never said—as other prophets did—”Thus says the Lord”; rather, Jesus said, “I say,” and commanded His disciples to baptize in His name. The New Testament writers also refer to Jesus as God many times (e.g., Matthew 3:16–17; John 1:1–3,14; John 20:28; Romans 9:5; Philippians 2:5–8, 9–11; Colossians 1:16–19; 2:9–10; 1 Timothy 6:15; 2 Peter 1:1; Hebrews 1:8; 13:8; Revelation 1:8, 17; 2:8; 17:14; 19:16; 21:6; 22:13).

  • 25. Iceland 55% 24. France 55% 23. Slovenia 59% 22. Austria 59% 21. Ireland 60% 20. Israel 61% 19. Latvia 61% 18. Finland 62% 17. Canada 63 % 16. Spain 63% 15. Azerbaijan 64% 14. South Korea 65% 13. Hongkong 66% 12. Germany 66% 11. Vietnam 67% 10. Denmark 68% 9. Norway 70% 8. Australia 70% 7. Estonia 72% 6. Belgium 72% 5. UK 72% 4. Czech Republic 75% 3. Sweden 78% 2. Japan 81% 1. China 91%

  • In most Asian and African countries, Christian still shining and develop. Every Sunday we always hard to get seat(s) in church. Oftenly, the church prepares additional seats outside the building. That is why the church design always an open air when the doors were opened, so audiences outside can also watch and listen their pastors and their speech during the mass.

  • People who are atheist forget that everything around us, living things & non living things are God’s creation, we must give thanks to God for his loving kindness that he does not intervene our deeds, instead God respect our free Will, so if you follow your free will it doesn’t matter to God, and just wait for the time of His second coming & accept his judgment & his wrath to each an every one of us according to our deeds, Amen 😮

  • This from the England and Wales 2021 census: The religion question is voluntary; 94.0% (56.0 million) of usual residents answered the question in 2021, an increase from 92.9% (52.1 million) in 2011. For the first time in a census of England and Wales, less than half of the population (46.2%, 27.5 million people) described themselves as “Christian”, a 13.1 percentage point decrease from 59.3% (33.3 million) in 2011; despite this decrease, “Christian” remained the most common response to the religion question. “No religion” was the second most common response, increasing by 12.0 percentage points to 37.2% (22.2 million) from 25.2% (14.1 million) in 2011.

  • Atheism is actually fairly simple compared to theism. Just trying to figure out the common denominations of protestantism can give you a head ache. As far as atheism goes there are people like myself that don’t see evidence of God . Some believe that we can’t know about God others are convinced that God is not possible. Atheists can be materialists or possibly somewhat spiritual oddly enough but that is about it.

  • Not sure where the content creator got their facts from for the U.K. but it’s best to go with census data available from the ONS. Around 48% identified as Christian in 2021 and around 40% identified as some form of atheist. Islam btw represents around 6% of the populace now. We here in the U.K. of the indigenous population seldom find the ‘religion of peace’ culturally enriching, and economically speaking it is actually a drain on our society. Moreover, it’s a serious inhibitor to societal growth and a unnecessary totalitarian force we are starting to see cause sectarian division in our political landscape.

  • I was raised Mormon -a group which other Christians do not view as Christian, though I do. However, I was agnostic for 37 years and, as of February of 2016, I am atheist. Personally, when I see a Christian cross, I am repulsed. I see in it centuries of torture, oppression, and bigotry. To view a type of vicious torture as an emblem of the divine is something I just cannot fathom. I am quite happy to see the rise of secularism in the world. Here in SE Idaho in NW USA, the last I checked many years ago 92% identify as religious; 80% of these were Mormon. Most of the others were Baptist and Presbyterian with a large % of Catholics -most of whom are Mexican folks. A sizable % of Mexicans have gravitated towards Lutheranism as we have two Spanish-speaking Lutheran churches here in town; both have large congregations. Atheists like me have to keep very quiet about our lack of belief as we are treated quite harshly socially.

  • Religion does not help you see the God in yourself. I know the truth of God is in me; I do not look outside of myself to know God, I look to myself, to see, and know God in me first, and after I know my own divinity, I know the divinity in everything. God is not separate from the Universe, God is the Universe, and everything in the Universe is in God. The ignorance of religion is part of the Universe in God, and that God is.

  • This article is SO important, interesting, & well-done: from your careful statistics, BEAUTIFUL scenery of each nation, & dynamic, fast-pasted presentation. WOW!! I managed to copy down the 25 nations in order & the % of atheism of each, to share w/my fellow ESOL teachers here. I’ll also recommend your website to them, other friends, & family. THANK YOU! For myself, I’d say this was a Divinely inspired find of my day!! In reading other reviews here, I see many disagree w/me! I still hold to my review! 😀

  • When u are young, strong, healthy and beautiful, it’s logical to believe only in yourself… Most young people aren’t religious, because they feel that they don’t need anyone to support them.. But as time passes by getting older, feeling weaker and wiser, things change.. I m a Greek orthodox from my youth and believer of Jesus, our lord.

  • The thing I found most interesting (and fills me with the most hope) was the absence of Russia from this list. Russia, formerly the bastion and spreader of atheism around the world has re-embraced Christianity. This just goes to show what ending of persecution can bring and the grasping of truth and history.

  • I don’t know how you got your info so wrong on Ireland (republic of). No way are 60% atheist. In fact the latest polls show only 14% as having no religion. Catholisism is still strong at nearly 70% despite all the negaitve publicity the Church has had over the last few decades. I’m surprised anyone still claims to be Catholic. The remainder, Protestant, Islam and other are very small and make up the remainder. Where did you get your information from !?

  • 61 years ago when I was 13 years old,I realised that 4 things kill a humans,Sugar,Salt,Smoking and the biggest killer of them all religions, I have never wavered from my beliefs and have proved that I was correct, I have never been sick and in the 60 years of working only one day could I not work,my sons 19 and 20 have never seen me sick,they have never drunk coca cola,I have never drunk soft drinks

  • The numbers for Ireland are completely wrong 😕 Where did you get them? The correct numbers can be found in the Irish 2022 census: “In Census 2022, over 3.5 million people living in the State reported that their religion was Roman Catholic, accounting for 69% of the population. The number of people who reported having no religion increased to 736,210, over 14% of the population. This was an increase of 63% since the 2016 census, and of 187% since the 2011 census. There were a further 3,823 people who reported that they were Agnostic or Atheist. The second largest religious grouping was Church of Ireland or England, Anglican and Episcopalian which accounted for 124,749 people, an increase of 2% since 2016. The Orthodox (Greek, Coptic, Russian) grouping accounted for over 100,000 people, an increase of 65% in six years and of 128% in the 11 years since Census 2011.”

  • ATHEISTS Atheist killed people (mostly innocent) as soon as they took power. The Church itself never committed any genocides or killed people except in rare cases. I think what you are describing it is when emperors, kings, and princes were going to wars and killing people. In most of the cases, there were armies fighting together but I agree with you some of these armies did commit genocides. However, they did not commit these killings, genocides, displacement of people based on orders from the Pope, other churches, or based on our scriptures of our Holly Bible. They were doing them in the name of his majesty …There is a huge difference when you claim that the church committed killing and genocides based on the words of Our God or other saints and when they were committed as ordered by His or Her Majesty, … Even the Crusades was a defensive war and not offensive as the history re-written by the atheists claim. Spain. Portugal, Sicily, Rome itself, Russia, Georgia were all attacked by the islamic armies who did their jihad (based on their scriptures and their prophet orders) and were kidnapping/killing/enslaving/raping whole towns/villages except for those who manage to run away. Of course, the history as we study in our schools hides all of that and claim that the Crusaders were the only offenders and they started offensive wars against the Middle East ruled by peaceful islam. In any case, the Crusaders were encouraged by the Pope to attack to protect Christian pilgrims going to visit Holly Lands in Israel.

  • My country Sweden is mentioned as nr 3. But personally I´m a deeply believing christian-active in different christian denominations. (I´m sort of a protestant-catholic-orthodox non denominational christian, and I go to church every week. )Jesus is in the center of my life and it is so not only because of the bible, but also because of what I have experienced during a long life including whatI+ve seen with own eyes.)

  • As of 2023, Christians constituted 69.55% of the Icelandic population, a marked decline from the 97.8% observed in 1990 according to Statistics Iceland. Within the Christian category, 58.61% identified as Lutherans belonging to the Church of Iceland. This is a significant decrease from the 92.6% who identified this way in 1990. Other minor Lutheran free churches accounted for 5.33%, Roman Catholicism for 3.83%, and other Christian denominations for 1.78%. The Roman Catholic community has grown from 0.9% in 1990, and other Christian denominations saw growth mainly between 1990 and the 2010s, stabilizing thereafter. The data for 2023 also indicate an increase in non-Christian religious affiliations and in those who identify as non-religious. Heathenry, a polytheistic religion native to Iceland, accounted for 1.5% of the population. Humanists made up 1.39%, Buddhists 0.42%, and Muslims 0.40%. Zuists and adherents to other religions represented 0.14% and 0.16%, respectively. A growing segment of the population—18.73% as of 2023—adheres to religions, philosophies, or life stances not recognized in the civil registry, or did not declare any religious affiliation. This category has seen a substantial increase from 0.6% in 1990 and has tripled from 6.2% in 2010. Meanwhile, the percentage of Icelanders who declared themselves explicitly unaffiliated with any religion, philosophy, or life stance was 7.71% in 2023, up from 1.3% in 1990. Wikipedia Religion in Iceland en.wikipedia.

  • People have to turn back to God and accept Jesus Christ as their savior and Lord.The Gospel according to John says that, For God so loved the world that He gave his beloved son,that whoever believes in him should not perish but have everlasting life. Members accept Jesus Christ and you will become a child of God. John 1:12-13.May the Holy-Spirit lead you to know our only savior and Lord Jesus Christ. Please,enjoy the goodness of the Lord as we await for His return. Stay blessed dears.

  • I must say, that after listening to you rant on and on about the landscapings of the various countries, and your constant repetition of Islam, I can’t help but wonder if you think that Islam is the true religion? Because you feel a need to mention it in every country that you speak about. I grew tired at fifteen.

  • This was highly informative. However, the colorful descriptions become a bit tiring. I head the words “Rich Tapestry” till I got tired of hearing them. The flowery language is nice, but just too many repetitive descriptions to the point of overkill. Nonetheless, informative, as far as the basics. Thank you.

  • This from the Australian Bureau of Statistics: Religious affiliation in 2021 In 2021, more people opted to answer the Census religion question than in 2016. In 2021, the number of people who answered the religion question was 93.1% of the population, an increase from 90.9% in 2016. In 2021 the most common religions were: Christianity (43.9%) No religion (38.9%) Islam (3.2%) Hinduism (2.7%) Buddhism (2.4%) No religion is up from 30.1% in the 2016 census but I can’t see it going up by 30% since 2021. You’d do well to check your facts. Oh, and there’s a lot more to Aus than just the East coast.

  • Atheist denied not god but concepts of God. Having concepts of God is try to describe de reality. you can’t describe God. The concept is always not real.we can discover God to the existence. Is called existentialism. The concepts of God is only for aim who God is.We are to go over the concepts. The finger point the moon the fool look the finger. The wise go over the finger and see the moon.That the idea of religion.the bible point God.👍

  • This analysis can not be so simplified! You should first start with eliminating words as atheist, agnostic, as well as other ones which were invented by the Christian church. Then you must analyse the depth of all religions. Especially how they are connected with each other. How through millennia they grew borrowing from each other. I found that nothing has changed from the first millennia BC.

  • Been an Ex-Christian for 37 years. Best 37 years of my life. There is a lot of people around the globe that are waking up to ‘religious’ manmade Gods for power and control. (Fear) The number of people leaving their faith and religions are on the rise and why? Unlike the generations before, the younger people are able to THINK FOR THEMSELVES. All those religious fundamentalists will fade way over time, not our time, but they will fade, and humanity will figure out they been LIED TOO about God and its manmade stories. Its 2024 not 1124. It’s not the Dark Ages of perception any longer. If humanity wants to survive and evolve into something greater, than what they are in the moment. Humanity will need to stop and remove what’s hold down humanity, manmade religions. It’s time to evolve!

  • La religione ha avuto la sua benemerita ragione d’essere per permettere agli essere umani di poter convivere sotto regole . Oggi gli Stati ( degni di questo nome) assolvono i compiti di dettare e fare rispettare regole di civile convivenza ( israele non viene considerato nella lista dei paesi degni), quindi la religione non ha motivo di essere piu’ considerata.

  • and i seen multable peaople who say they are christain, go around holding doors being nice giving food to peaople, but then preeching “this is how you get blessings from God” IE someone who is NOT good being tricked to be good? so meany peaople if their religion disaepred, they would no longer be “good” becuase “not a reason to do so” even if what if to be Good becusae dont want others to screw you so you dont screw them? imagine how LOVED the rothschilds would be if they fed and housed all in luxary and paid the national debts they created still had 79quadrillion dollars in their bank?

  • Thank you for you Likes, comments, and support! Check out my other articles: youtube.com/watch?v=3uZqikFYc0s&list=PL0ch9d30hFxZWXqgQE16QMXjv5SvaskWS&index=3 Please, support Religiolog through a one-time donation: paypal.com/paypalme/religiolog Or become my Patron: patreon.com/4religiolog Religion’s Sudden Decline by Ronald Inglehart – youtu.be/tBuL419JxEo

  • There’s a couple of issues I can see with this premise. For clarity I’ll just list them out. 1.) There is no tradition of blind obedience to authority in Orthodoxy, which is radically different from the Roman Catholics. There were many cases of the laity rising up against the leadership of the church, most spectacularly when most of the church leadership voted to rejoin the Roman Catholics. But the context is always when the church leadership failed to adhere to Orthodox tradition. 2.) The tendency towards autocracy has a lot more to do with history than anything else. In the Balkans today the Orthodox countries were able to make a successful transition away from Communism and are now democracies. Clearly this isn’t a uniform tendency. It’s true Russia has about half the Orthodox Christians in the world, but given the disaster their experiment with democracy was in the 90s I can’t say I blame their skepticism.

  • Thank you for putting this together! It was fascinating seeing the Eastern perspective on this topic and I appreciate you including your references in the bio. One book i would recommend on Protestantism and its broader cultural influence on the West is “Christianity’s Dangerous Idea” by Alister McGrath. Aside from historical and theological accounts, it also demonstrates how the spread of Protestantism contributed to the cultural and economic changes in the nations where it was embraced.

  • Very informative article, and though I have not studied as extensively as you have, and have lived in many US states, I agree that the Bible Belt (religious areas), are where the US economy mostly struggles, despite many of their mega churches’ wealth. It is quite unsettling to think it could be far worse. On a side note, I find your accent and voice very calming, along with the breathtaking article footage❣ I shall and look forward to perusal more of your articles.

  • Sent over by Viced Rhino. Hard to choose (as someone born in Kharkiv and living my whole life in New York) which language to listen in, but I went for English because that’s also what I can read/type decently and not just listen to. This is really interesting stuff! As someone with a very inconsistent glimpse at Eastern culture – I can extrapolate a lot from seeing how my atheistic parents raised me to see what was cultural and not religious, but on the flip side, I didn’t really get any first-hand experience as someone whose family comes from a Ukrainian Jewish background. Orthodox Christianity was always just something that exists off on the side in history books. I’ll probably be perusal a fair amount of this website and recommend it to my girlfriend at least (who I met in the youtube skeptic community, indirectly thanks to Logicked). What your articles lack in the amusing pithiness of your standard religious debunk website, it makes up for in being a lot more educational and thought-provoking.

  • Very interesting vid. One similar yet very different thing differences between Tsarist Russia vs. the USSR is that both relied on a heavily centralized government & gave workers highly limited rights and poorer conditions than Western nations. In the USSR Lenin was worshipped instead of Jesus. For the majority of workers, there was a strong amount of overlap between feudalism and collectivization.

  • I’ve wondered lots of things along these lines. For example, I wondered how slavery could have been established in the so-called New World by Europeans when slavery had been all but entirely abolished in Europe centuries before. Before what? I asked myself. What happened in Europe? Was anyone in Europe arguing against this? I’m not really a scholar, but came to a tentative conclusion, challenged by the example of Brazil. Rodney Stark was a real scholar, and gave me a hint about Brazil that pretty much saved my line of thinking by filling in some details. See his Christianity Today article The Truth About the Catholic Church and Slavery for a preview. If we could bring back an old-fashioned term, we might keep sight of this: Political Economy. Lastly, it isn’t wrong to say culture and religion are inseparable.

  • I think the nature of “competitive” denominations in Protestant countries allows for such freedoms to exist. In Catholicism and Orthodoxy the religion is set in stone so freedom isn’t as important. Protestant countries the religion is broken up into different denominations all competing to be the “true biblical interpretation” which is why freedom of religion was put such emphasis on in America so as to prevent violence between the sects.

  • sound analysis on the relation between communism and eastern orthodoxy as well as its failed inheritance from classical civilization and renaissance. i was told that being greek and orthodox are one and the same or inextricably linked which seems irrational. they were, of course, right in the sense that i chose neither; i was born greek and their judaic heresy was forced upon me a few months after birth. as a free thinking man i would have chosen differently but because religion has permeated and poisoned every facet of our society this disassociation is almost impossible. good work.

  • I would think that the real reasons are (Geography, History & Politics). The Orthodox East is generally isolated from international trade. The Eastern Orthodox lived under Islam & Communism. Even East Germany has a poorer economic standing than the rest of Germany. Modern Orthodox states tend to be more authoritarian and corrupt.

  • 18:20 you mentioned the idea of predestination, but most do not believe in predestination. Wild idea of predestination was important for early America, for instance, that idea got swallowed up and consumed relatively quickly. Most protestants around the world believe in free will, but the important thing that came from Calvinism which all protestants took was the idea that salvation cannot be burned. We cannot work for our salvation, and it is a free gift from God, and the only thing that we can do is to believe. I hope this makes sense, but it’s important to realize that most protestants don’t agree with Calvinism. Interested, that we are. It’s the idea that we have free will to choose whether to follow God or not, however, that God could force someone to believe that he really wanted to. This term was coined by dr. Leighton flowers, who has focused his ministry on combating the idea of predestination and Calvinism. You might not be interested, but I would love to have a continued discussion on protestantism and the possible theological differences which may have caused Protestant Nations to be more successful. I always been interested in this concept and I’m curious what someone from another nation might think.

  • I’m not sure I 100% agree that churches and monasteries weren’t rich in Eastern Europe. I only know the example of my own country, Romania, but in the 19th century, for example, their wealth and lands were “secularised” — nationalised by the state — they had almost 1/4 of all land in the principality, forests and a lot of other possessions as well. This does agree with your point that the state was somewhat in control of them, though — although the relationship was back and forth, with many rulers being very favourable to the church, donating vast amounts of lands etc. Even today the Romanian church is a very rich institution with a lot of social and even political influence, which of course doesn’t help with our development and social progress.

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